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Linking eco-evolutionary dynamics of thermal adaptation and grazing in copepods from highly seasonal environments

将高度季节性环境中桡足类热适应和放牧的生态进化动力学联系起来

基本信息

批准号：
1947965
负责人：
Hans Dam
金额：
$ 53.15万
依托单位：
University of Connecticut
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-06-01 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1947965&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Linking eco evolutionary dynamics thermal

项目摘要

Many parts of the ocean are warming rapidly, but it is still unknown how this warming will affect marine food webs. Copepods, small crustaceans, are the most abundant animals in the ocean; consequently, they play crucial roles in plankton marine food webs and in the transfer of energy to fishes. Many species of copepods are able to choose between prey such as microscopic plants and single-celled animals. The choice affects how energy moves through marine food webs. Past work suggests that increasing temperature should favor herbivory over carnivory. This project is investigating whether this prediction holds in the face of genetic adaptation to warming in highly seasonal systems such as coastal temperate zones. Results from this study are contributing to understanding and predicting the response of marine ecosystems to future climate conditions, as well as for planning and implementing sustainable fisheries management plans. Other broader impacts include the development of learning modules for high school and college students. Hands-on science exhibits for K-6 students and public presentations at established lecture series focus on the role of copepods in marine food webs in coastal habitats. Predicting responses of the oceanic biota to climate change is limited not only by an incomplete understanding of how warming affects ecological interactions and evolutionary dynamics individually, but also by how these two factors interact. Copepods are both grazers of phytoplankton and predators of microzooplankton in marine systems. Increasing temperatures may drive a large-scale shift in the diet of omnivorous copepods towards stronger herbivory, with significant consequences for the structure of marine food webs and the control of primary productivity. However, thermal adaptation may moderate or even nullify these shifts. This project examines the interactive role ecological and evolutionary dynamics plays in shaping grazing and individual fitness in a warming ocean. The main goals of the project are to: 1) quantify seasonal variation in thermal performance curves in dominant coastal copepod species; 2) determine whether observed seasonal variation in thermal performance is caused by genetic differentiation or phenotypic plasticity; 3) assess how temperature affects respiration and protein synthesis rates, selective feeding, and individual fitness; and 4) determine how changes in the thermal performance curve, via both genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity, affect the relationship between temperature and food preference. Selective feeding experiments are being paired with measurements of egg production and hatching success across a wide range of temperatures to measure thermal effects on feeding selectivity and individual fitness. Finally, genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity on temperature sensitivity is being investigated across populations from environments that differ in their thermal regime. The outcomes of this project contribute to the parameterization of models that forecast fisheries dynamics in response to climate change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

海洋的许多地方正在迅速变暖，但这种变暖将如何影响海洋食物网仍然是未知的。桡足类是小型甲壳类动物，是海洋中数量最多的动物;因此，它们在浮游生物海洋食物网和向鱼类转移能量方面发挥着至关重要的作用。许多种类的桡足类动物能够在猎物之间进行选择，例如微型植物和单细胞动物。这种选择会影响能量在海洋食物网中的移动方式。过去的工作表明，气温升高应该有利于食草动物而不是食肉动物。该项目正在调查这一预测是否适用于在沿海温带等季节性很强的系统中对变暖的遗传适应。这项研究的结果有助于了解和预测海洋生态系统对未来气候条件的反应，以及规划和实施可持续渔业管理计划。其他更广泛的影响包括为高中和大学生开发学习模块。K-6学生的动手科学展览和既定系列讲座的公开演讲集中在桡足类动物在沿海栖息地海洋食物网中的作用。预测海洋生物群对气候变化的反应不仅受到对变暖如何影响生态相互作用和进化动力学的不完全理解的限制，而且还受到这两个因素如何相互作用的限制。桡足类在海洋系统中既是浮游植物的食草者，又是微型浮游动物的捕食者。温度升高可能会促使杂食性桡足类的饮食向更强的草食性大规模转变，对海洋食物网的结构和初级生产力的控制产生重大影响。然而，热适应可能会缓和甚至抵消这些变化。该项目研究了生态和进化动力学在变暖海洋中塑造放牧和个体适应性方面的相互作用。该项目的主要目标是：1）量化沿海桡足类优势种热性能曲线的季节变化; 2）确定观察到的热性能的季节变化是由遗传分化还是表型可塑性引起的; 3）评估温度如何影响呼吸和蛋白质合成速率、选择性摄食和个体适合度;以及4）确定热性能曲线的变化如何通过遗传分化和表型可塑性影响温度和食物偏好之间的关系。选择性喂养实验正在与在广泛的温度范围内测量产蛋和孵化成功率相结合，以测量对喂养选择性和个体适应性的热效应。最后，遗传分化和表型可塑性的温度敏感性正在研究不同的环境中，在他们的热制度的人群。该项目的成果有助于预测渔业动态以应对气候变化的模型的参数化。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。