Phase Transformations and Physical Properties of New Materials - An Approach using New Techniques -

在这个项目中，我们使用新的方法研究了各种相变，旨在创造新材料。这种新方法有两个方面：一是新的思想，二是新的实验技术的利用。在实践中，该项目分为以下6个小组，小组之间进行了密切合作。(1)金属间化合物中的相变（PT）和物理性能（PP），（2）陶瓷中的PT和PP，（3）形状记忆合金中的PT和PP，（4）准晶和非晶材料中的结构和PT，（5）用同步辐射研究一级PT，（6）用计算机模拟研究PT。这些研究结果在长崎（1992年12月11-13日）和石川（1994年1月6-8日）进行了集中讨论。通过这些集中讨论，相变研究的新发展出现了许多征兆。例如，将马氏体相变的非热相变和等温相变统一起来的统计力学方法，对非热相变孕育期的观察（认为孕育期是不存在的），准晶与近晶之间关系的澄清，高压下的PT，一种新型分子筛与聚丙烯结构测定（观察笼中捕获的K中的铁磁性），以及同步辐射和高分辨率电子显微镜的成功应用，以上只是作为本项目报告发表的许多有用结果中的一小部分。我相信这些结果对相变研究的进一步发展有很大的贡献。

In this project, we studied various phase transformations by using new approach, by aiming the creation of new materials. The new approach has two aspects ; the first is new ideas and the second is the utilization of new experimental techniques. In practice, the project was divided into 6 groups in the following, and close co-operation was held between the groups. (1) Phase transformation (PT) and physical properties (PP) in intermetallics, (2) PT and PP in ceramics, (3) PT and PP in shape memory alloys, (4) Structure and PT in quasicrystals and amorphous materials, (5) First order PT study by synchrotron radiations, and (6) PT studies by computer simulations. The results of these studies were intensively discussed at Nagasaki (Dec. 11-13, 1992) and at Ishikawa (Jan. 6-8, 1994).Through these intensive discussions, many symptoms appeared for the new development of phase transformation studies. For example, a statistical mechanical approach which unifies the athermal and the isothermal martensitic transformations, the observation of incubation period in the athermal transformation, for which the incubation period was belived to be absent, the clarification of the relation between a quasicrystal and a nearcrystal, PT under high pressure, the structure determination of a new type "Zeolite" and PP (observation of ferromagnetisim in K trapped in the cages), and quite successful application of synchrotron radiation and high resolution electron microscopy, etc. The above are only a few among many useful results, which are published as a report for the present projext. I beleved these results make great contribution to the further development of phase transformation studies.