Development of biological engineering for plant breeding of next generation

本研究的目的是开发新的育种技术，适用于下一个世纪的育种。在细胞工程方面，利用不对称体细胞杂交技术在水稻中有效地产生了细胞质雄性不育，并在甜菜（KINOSHITA）中绘制了线粒体基因组的物理图谱和转录图谱。基于覆盖线粒体全基因组的视锥文库（HIRAI），完成了水稻叶绿体和线粒体的转录图谱，在DNA多态性利用方面，发展了数量性状作图的分析理论，并在此基础上编制了在微机上运行的计算机程序（UKAI）。利用RAPD和DNA分子标记对番茄抗病性（西村）和水稻抗虫性（神田）进行了筛选。slg使籽粒细长，激活突变体i ...更多信息 在染色体定位新技术方面，利用荧光原位杂交和gimasa法对水稻染色体进行了定位。在繁殖方面，对与芸苔属植物同型自交不亲和性相关的SLG、SRK、SRA和SRB的DNA序列进行了比较，对杨桃作为异型自交不亲和性的模式植物进行了研究。研究了无融合生殖的杂种优势固定（阿达奇）。此外，还对离体授粉技术的改进、人工构建的嵌合基因的聚阳离子导入和花粉管通道蛋白质的分析（TAKEDA）进行了研究，在从遗传资源中获得有用基因或品系方面，揭示了野生稻群体的抗病性遗传变异大于栽培稻群体（MORISHIMA）。将斑穗野螟的部分染色体导入栽培稻（岩田），获得了染色体附加系。少

This study aimed to develop new breeding technology which was applicable to the breeding in the next century. With this in view, advanced studies of biological engineering were selected from the field of plant breeding.In the field of cytological engineering, cytoplasmic male sterility were efficiently produced in rice by asymmetric somatic hybridization, and a physical map and a transcriptional map of mitochondrial genome were made in sugar beet(KINOSHITA). Transcriptional maps of chroloplast and of mitochondria were completed in rice based on cone bank which covers whole genome of mitochondria(HIRAI).In the field of DNA polymorphism utilization, analysis theory for mapping of quantitative trait was developed, and computer program which worked on personal computer, was written based on this theory(UKAI). RAPD and DNA markers were applied for selection of disease resistance in Tomato(NISHIMURA)and of insect resistance in rice(KANEDA). slg which made grain slender and activate mutator i … More n rice was investigated by RFLP(TANISAKA).In the field of new technology for chromosome mapping, fluorescence in situ hybridization and gimasa method were applied for chromosome mapping of rice. Fluorescence differential staining and scanning electron microscopy were supposed to be effective(FUTSHARA).In the field of reproduction, DNA sequences of SLG,SRK,SRA and SRB those related to homomorphic selfincompatibility of Brassica were compared each other.While carambola was investigate as a model of heteromorphic self-incompatibility(HINATA). Apomixis were studied for fixation of heterosis(ADACHI). Moreover, followings were studied, improvement of in vitro pollination, introduction of artificially constructed chimeric genes into pollen by polycation and analysis of proteins those secreted in pollen tube pathway(TAKEDA).In the field of obtaining useful gene or strain from genetic resources, it was revealed that genetic variability of disease resistance in wild rice population was larger than in cultivated rice population(MORISHIMA). While chromosome additional line were produced by introducing a part of chromosome of O.punctata into cultivated rice(IWATA). Less