Medical Scientific Research on Highlanders in Himalayas

1.尼泊尔喜马拉雅山脉的呼吸生理学研究。在尼泊尔昆布地区开展了呼吸控制的高原习服机制研究。在1300m、2827m、3440m和4430m四个海拔高度，研究呼气末肺活量屏气试验中的静息通气量和SpO2，以及氧气对这些参数的影响。这些参数与低氧呼吸反应之间的关系分析表明，即使在习服后，低氧化学敏感性的增加也伴随着低氧呼吸抑制，这在海平面的急性低压低氧研究中被明显检测到。尼泊尔EB病毒相关肿瘤的病理学研究。霍奇金病(HD)的组织学类型和EB病毒相关性HD的频率存在地区差异。对加德满都特里班大学医院和CMN Patan医院病理科的24例淋巴瘤和54例胃癌进行了免疫学和病理学研究。8例HD中7例阳性，16例非霍奇金淋巴瘤中1例表达LMP-1和EBER-1ISH。在胃癌中，54例中只有1例阳性。38例低分化型中14例幽门螺杆菌感染，2例粘液型中1例幽门螺杆菌感染。13例高、中分化型中无1例阳性。高原动物的组织学研究。对生长在尼泊尔喜马拉雅地区和青藏高原的牦牛(Bos Grunnieens)的肺泡结构进行了组织学研究。光镜观察表明，牦牛的肺泡腔较宽，肺泡壁较薄，但肺泡壁中的弹性纤维较人类更为清晰。光镜下可见肺泡II型内皮细胞较少，Kohn‘s孔较多且较大。肺泡结构中这些改变的构型被认为是对长期缺氧的形态适应性反应。

1. Respirato-physiological study in Nepal Himalayan. Study of altitude acclimatization mechanism of respiratory control was carried out in Nepal Khumbu area. Resting ventilation and SpO2s during breath holding test from end-expiratory lung volume and effect of oxygen on these parameters were studied at 1300m, 2827m, 3440m and 4430m. Analysis of relationships between these parameters and hypoxic ventilaotry response revealed that even after acclimatizing period increased hypoxic chemosensitivity was accompanied by hypoxic ventilatory depression which was markedly detected in acute hypobaric hypoxia study at sea level.2. Pathological study on EB virus related tumors in Nepal. Regional differences have been reported in a histological type of Hodgkin disease (HD) and frequency of EB virus related HD.24 cases of lymphoma and 54 cases of gastric cancer speciemens of the pathological department of Tribuban University Hospital and CMN Patan Hospital in Katmandu were studied immunologically and pathologically. 7 out of 8 HD and 1 out of 16 non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases revealed LMP-1 and EBER-1 ISH positive. In case of gastric cancer, only one out of 54 cases was a positive. Helicobacter Pylori infection was identified in 14 cases out of 38 low differentiated type and one case out of 2 mucous type. No case was positive in 13 high and intermediate differentiated types.3. Histological study on high-altitude animals. Histological study on alveolar structure of Yak (Bos grunnieens) grown up in Nepal Himalayan region and Tibetan plateau was performed. Optical microscopic study showed that the Yak have wider alveolar space and thinner alveolar wall, though elastic fibers in the wall were more clearly identified than that of human. Electron microscopic study showed fewer type II alveolar endothelial cell and more and larger Kohn's pores than rat. These modified configuration in alveolar structure is considered to be morphological adaptive response to long term hypoxia.