Biotechnological studies on the mechanisms regulating embryogenesis

1)卵母细胞成熟与受精A)从卵泡液中分离出一种引起积云膨胀的热稳定因子。该因子对体外受精卵的雄性原核形成有较强的刺激作用。B) c-mos缺陷小鼠的卵母细胞成熟到第二个减数分裂中期，但在没有受精的情况下被激活。c)小鼠交叉蛋白基因靶向突变纯合的雄性小鼠仍然可育。D)当精子在补充bsa的培养基中预孵育时，在受精培养基中添加从卵母细胞复合物中旋出的可溶性因子可以提高受精率。A)甾体黄体酮能诱导未受精卵孤雌发育。c)ET-1-'-纯合子小鼠出生时死于呼吸衰竭，并有咽弓源性颅面组织和器官的形态学异常。D)在大鼠体内建立维持多能性的细胞系。3)胚胎冷冻(A)建立了配子和胚胎冷冻产生幼体的系统。

1)Oocyte maturation and fertilizationA)A heat-stable factor responsible for cumulus expansion was isolated form follicular fluid. The factor was potent to stimulate male pronucleus formation of eggs fertilized in vitro.B)Oocytes from c-mos-deficient mice matured to the second meiotic metaphase, but were activated without fertilization.C)Male mice homozygous for a targeted mutation in the mouse acrosin gene were still fertile.D)Supplementing the fertilization medium with soluble factor(s)vortexed out of cumulus-oocyte complexes improved the rate of fertilization when spermatozoa were preincubated in BSA-supplemented medium.2)Cleavage of fertilized eggsA)A steroid, progesterone, was potent to induce parthenogenetic development of unfertilized eggs.B)Fetal ovotestes in XX * XY chimeras develop into testes in adults.C)ET-1-'-homozygous mice die of respiratory failure at birth and have morphological abnormalities of the pharyngeal-arch-derived craniofacial tissues and organs.D)The cell line maintaining pluripotency was established in rat.3)Embryo freezingA)A system for producing young from cryopreserved gametes and embryos was established.