Varieties of Procurement Regimes: How Do States Procure Strategically and to What Effect?

经合组织国家将近15%的GDP用于公共采购，28%的政府支出用于购买商品、服务和劳动力。因此，采购是一种强有力的政策工具，各国越来越多地使用公共采购来实现社会、环境和创新目标。例子包括为军队提供低碳排放车辆以推动气候变化，为少数族裔提供就业机会以解决社会不平等问题，或者为医院和行业之间建立技术伙伴关系以在医疗设备领域进行创新。当整合超出竞争性价格模型的标准时，国家利用其购买力来干预和监管市场。这意味着政府和市场之间的关系发生了转变，并引发了关于国家优先事项、政策连贯性以及这种政策变化的赢家和输家的问题。我们问的是，国家如何、何时以及以什么效果进行战略性采购。在一个由两名博士和两名博士后组成的双重领导团队中，我们的三个目标是：第一，解决什么是战略性公共采购以及它如何与允许政策整合的监管制度共同构成的问题。第二，我们构想了战略采购制度的理想类型和种类，以及它们如何随着时间和不同部门的发展而发展。第三，我们研究了战略目标和采购制度的相互关联的影响，并从政治和权力关系的角度对它们进行了理论化。在方法上，我们打算建立第一个关于公共采购的学术数据库，以制定涵盖各种制度的采购指标，并进行系统的比较分析。我们结合了对两个国家(德国和以色列)三个部门(卫生、国防、社会保护)的6个初级病例的深入政策分析，并将它们与其他国家的12个次级病例进行了比较。我们期望研究结果能为战略采购制度提供比较的经验和理论说明，推动政治和以政策为中心的理论，同时将战略采购纳入对公共政策和国家转型的更广泛理解。

OECD countries spend almost 15% of their GDP on public procurement and 28% of government expenditure is used to acquire goods, services and labor. Procurement is therefore a powerful policy instruments, and states increasingly use public procurement to reach social, environmental and innovation goals. Examples include low carbon emission vehicles for the army to push climate change, jobs for minorities for municipal care facilities to address social inequalities or technology partnerships between hospitals and industry to innovate in the field of medical equipment. When integrating criteria that go beyond the competitive price model the state uses its purchasing power to intervene in and regulate markets. This implies a shift in the relation between state and market and raises questions about states’ priorities, policy coherence and the winners and losers of this policy change. We ask how, when and with what effect do states procure strategically. Working in a dual leadership team with two doctoral and two postdoc students, our three aims are first, to address the question of what strategic public procurement is and how it is co-constituted with a regulatory regime that allows for policy integration. Second, we conceptualize ideal types and varieties of strategic procurement regimes and how they develop over time and across different sectors. Third, we study the interrelated effects of strategic goals and procurement regimes and theorize them in terms of politics and power relations. Methodologically, we intend to build the first academic database on public procurement to develop procurement indicators that capture varieties of regimes and to apply systematic comparative analysis. We combine in-depth policy analysis of six primary cases from three sectors (health, defense, social protection) in two countries (Germany and Israel) and compare them with twelve secondary cases from other countries. We expect the results to provide a comparative empirical and theoretical account of strategic procurement regimes and to advance political and policy-centered theory while at the same time integrating strategic procurement into a wider understanding of public policy and the transformation of the state.