Production of Functional Materials from victorian Brown Coal

本项目旨在开发利用维多利亚褐煤的新方法，维多利亚褐煤具有高反应性、若干独特的特征和作为功能材料来源的潜在用途，五名日本年轻科学家被派往澳大利亚，从事以下实验工作。尾崎博士（东北大学）在莫纳什大学研究铁在褐煤热分解中的作用。熊谷博士（北海道大学）Korai博士（九州大学）在莫纳什大学从事碳质材料的研究。在Swinburne Univ. K.Sugawara博士（秋田大学）进行褐煤凝胶的粘弹性研究。参观了几个单位，看了煤脱硫的活动。三位澳大利亚科学家Patti博士、Mainwaring博士和Hobday博士访问了日本研究机构，讨论了褐煤利用的可能途径。通过交流计划以及在各大学开展的工作，取得了以下成果。研究了阳离子对褐煤热解的影响。从氢键作用的角度对褐煤热解的稳定性进行了阐述.干燥和脱水后的煤在结构上存在差异。用PMRTA等方法测定了煤分子的运动性和构象。研制了一种高活性、易回收的煤液化催化剂。由合成沥青制备的碳纤维具有微观和介观碳单元。煤抽提物的粘弹性与原煤或抽提残渣的粘弹性不同。实验结果表明，热解与碱预处理相结合，煤中硫的脱除更彻底，这为褐煤的利用开辟了一条新的途径。

The present project aims at developing new ways of utilizing Victorian brown coals, which has a high reactivity, several unique features and a potential usefulness as a source of functional materials.Five Japanese junior scientists were sent to Australia and engaged in experimental works, as follows. Dr.Ozaki (Tohoku Univ.) stayd at Monash Univ. to elucidate the role of iron on the thermal decomposition of brown coals. Dr Kumagai (Hokkaido Univ.) measured NMR spectra at elevated temperatures at CSIRO.Dr.Korai (Kyushu Univ.) did research on carbonaceous materials at Monash Univ. Dr.Takanohashi (Tohoku Univ.) performed viscoelastic study of brown coal gels at Swinburne Univ. Dr.K.Sugawara (Akita Univ.) visited several organization to see the activities on sulfur removal from coal. Three Australian scientists, Drs.Patti, Mainwaring and Hobday, visited Japanese research organizations to discuss possible ways of brown coal utilization.Through the exchange program, as well as by works carried out at each University, the following results have beeen obtained. Effect of cations on pyrolysis of brown coal is demonstrated. The stability of brown coal briquette was given light from the view points of hydrogen bonding. The difference in structure is indicated for coals dried and dewatered. Mobility of coal molecules and their conformation were measured by PMRTA and others. Highly active and easily recoverable catalyst for coal liquefaction has been developed. Carbon fibers from synthesized pitches are shown to have micro and mesoscopic carbon units. Viscoelasticity of coal extracts is found to have different properties from those of raw coals or extract residues. Sulfur removal form coal is found to be more complete when pyrolysis is coupled with alkali pretreatment.These results do suggest a new aspect of brown coal utilization to be developed.