Roles of Japan and the United States in Promoting Growth in Asia

对于亚洲国家的发展，美国强调国际贸易和投资自由化的作用。另一方面，日本强调逐步自由化的方式。这些差异来源于美日两国经济结构和比较优势的差异，以及两国与亚洲国家的历史关系。在两年研究项目的第一年，我们调查了亚太地区经济的事实和变化，第二年我们得到了关于亚洲国家美国和日本作用的政策建议。更具体地说，我们利用国际贸易和直接投资数据，分析了(1)亚太地区的显性比较优势和结构变化指数(2)该地区的产业内指数(3)贸易关系（产业内贸易9与外国直接投资8）(4)亚太经合组织、东盟和nafta3个国家的区域一体化评价2。主要结果如下：(1)亚太地区的产业内贸易呈增长趋势，特别是资本密集型或高技术产业的产品。(2)生产过程的国际分工也增加了，日本出口资本货物，进口日本子公司在亚洲国家的制造产品。(3)美国在服务业方面具有比较优势，日本应通过放松管制和增加竞争等政策赶超美国。(4)日本应该在美国和亚洲国家之间扮演调解人的角色。(5)亚太国家对国际贸易和投资自由化的态度不同。(6)亚太经合组织、东盟和北美自由贸易协定在亚太地区各有重要作用。除了这项科研资助之外，我们可以利用神户大学和夏威夷大学之间的客座教授职位的机会进行更有效的研究。

For the development of Asian countries, US emphasizes the role of liveralization of international trade and investment. On the other hand, Japan emphasize the way of gradual liberalization. These differences come from the differences of economic structure and comparative-adbantages between Us and Japan, and also historical relations with Asian countries of the two countries.1. In the first year of the two years research projects, we investigated the facts and changes in the economies of Asia-Pacific area, and the second year we got policy recommendations about the role of US and Japan of Asian coutries. More specifically, using data of international trades and direct investments, we analyzed(1) revealed comparative advantage and index of structural changes in Asia-Pacific region(2) Intra-industry index of this region(3)relations between trade (intra-industry trade9 and direct foreign investment8 multi-national enterprises)(4) eveluation of regional integration of APEC, ASEAN, and NAFTA2. The main results are as follows.(1) Intra-industry trade in increasing in Asia-Pacific Area, especially the products of capital-intensive or high-tech industries.(2)International division of labor of production processes also increased, and Japan exports capital goods and imports manufacturing products of Japaness subsidiary firmsin Asian countries.(3) US has comparative advantages in service industries, and Japan shoul cathc up to US through the policies of deregulation and increase of competition.(4) Japan shoul play the role of mediator between US and Asian countries.(5) Among Asian-pacific coutries, the attitude for liberalization for international trades and investments is different.(6) APEC, ASEAN, and NAFTA have their own important roles in Asia Pacific region.3. In addition to this Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, we could make more efficient researches, using the chances of visiting professor's positions between Kobe university and University of Hawaii.