A Study on the Counseling Function of Shamans-Focusing on the Shamans of Okinawa and Tohoku-

我们询问了7名冲绳萨满（“Yuta”）和3名东北萨满（“Kamisama”）的入门过程，宗教宇宙观和神灵的概念，我们观察了他们在宗教情境下进行的访谈。此外，我们还调查了冲绳居民使用萨满的情况。1.萨满在宗教情境下进行的访谈的特点：（1）与临床心理学的咨询访谈的差异。(1)萨满在宗教情境中进行的访谈，其核心表现是通过超自然的手段猜测与当事人有关的事实。(2)一种特殊性质的融洽关系是通过猜测工作发展起来的，这有助于萨满和他/她的客户之间的心理合作互动。(3)作为一个共同的出发点，萨满和来访者持有相同的宗教宇宙观，这构成了访谈对来访者的心理有效性的基础。(2)这些访谈和基于临床心理学的咨询访谈之间的相似之处。(1)来访者所感知的现象场的改变和重组是通过允许来访者感知新的意义而发生的。(2)对意识之外的领域的开放性被强调和宣扬。身份：对于一些冲绳人来说，一个人的身份是通过发现自己祖先的历史来确认的，这可以在萨满“Yuta”的Shijitadashi中提供，并通过将自己与这个历史联系起来。非正式支持网络：在冲绳，萨满“Yuta”有时在非正式家庭支持网络中发挥重要作用。

We questioned 7 Okinawa shamans ("Yuta") and 3 Tohoku shamans ("Kamisama") regarding initiation processes, religious cosmologies, and concepts of gods and spirits, and we observed interviews conducted in a religious situation by them. In addition, we investigated the use of shamans by the inhabitants of Okinawa.1. The characteristics of interviews conducted in a religious situation by shamans :(1) Differences between these interviews and counseling interviews based on clinical psychology.(1) The core performance of the interviews conducted in a religious situation by a shaman is to guess the facts relating to the client by supernatural means.(2) A rapport of a peculiar nature is developed by guessing work, and this facilitates the psychological cooperative interaction between the shaman and his/her client.(3) As a common starting point, the shaman and the client hold the same religious cosmology, which forms the basis of the psychological effectiveness of the interview for the client.(2) Similarities between these interviews and counseling interviews based on clinical psychology.(1) Change and reorganization of the phenomenal field as perceived by the client occurs by allowing the client to perceive new meanings.(2) Openness to the sphere beyond awareness is emphasized and encouraged.2. Identity : For some Okinawan people, one's identity is confirmed by discovering the history of one's ancestors, which can be provided in the Shijitadashi of the shaman "Yuta", and by relating oneself to this history.3. Informal support network : In Okinawa, the shaman "Yuta" sometimes plays an important part within the informal family support network.