CHANGES OF VALUE SYSTEMS IN POST-WAR JAPANESE SOCIETY ---FROM COLLECTIVISM TO INDIVIDUALISM,UNIVERSALISM

本研究旨在研究战后日本社会价值体系的变迁。人们经常指出，价值体系从集体取向向自我取向转变。然而，我认为这种变化不是那么简单和线性的变化，而是一种自我取向的两极分化，是个人主义和普遍主义的表现。与集体主义相比，个人主义和普遍主义在个人需要或价值观比传统的社会角色或规范更重要这一点上是相同的。前者是自我取向，尤其是对自己的快乐的自我取向高于其他事物，而后者是考虑他人的需要和价值，并相互调整，作为一个整体的更好的情况的取向。在这种情况下，其他人不被限制为一个团体或一个社会的成员。他们包括超越空间和时间界限的人。在这个意义上，后一种思想可以称为普世主义。为了验证这一价值变化的思想，我计划了一项社会调查，并在1996、1997年进行了调查。结果表明个人主义的存在，但我们不能肯定普遍主义的存在。但通过最近的志愿活动和网络联系，我们可以看到普遍性的迹象。普遍主义需要更多的时间才能成为社会调查的结果。

The purpose of this study was to research on changes of value systems in post-war Japanese society. It has often been pointed out the change of value system from collectivity-orientation to self-orientation. However, I thought that the change was not such a simple and linear one but a polarization of self-orientation that is an appearance of individualism and universalism. Compared with collectivism, both individualism and universalism are same in the point that personal needs or values are more important than traditional social roles or norms. But the former is the idea that self-orientation, especially self-orientation to his or hew own pleasure takes precedence of other things, on the other hand, the latter is the idea that thinking of others' needs and vales, and adjusting mutually, as a whole, better situation is oriented. In this case, others are not restricted as members of one group or one society. They include people beyond borders of space and time. In this sense, the latter idea can be called universalism.To verify this thought on value change, I planed a social survey and conducted it in 1996,1997. The results show the existence of individualism but we cannot confirm the existence of universalism. But we can see a sign of universalism through recent voluntary activities and networking. It will take more time till universalism appear as a result of social survey.