Development of a superfluid shock tube facility

超流激波管装置是研究超流氦中激波和热流体动力学现象的多功能通用实验装置。此外，还利用该设施进行了若干相关的实验研究。(1)设备设计制造完成，冲击性能试验完成。用超流氦在激波管低压段进行的试验表明，该激波管具有令人满意的激波性能，可用于各种科学和工程实验。(2)利用激光全息干涉仪和超导温度传感器对二次声热激波的可视化研究：研究了超流体击穿引起的二次声热激波的传播和脉冲形式变形，为热激波和高温瞬态换热后高密度量子化涡的发展提供了有价值的信息。(3)热脉冲直接入射He II自由表面引起的蒸发现象的实验和数值计算研究：以干涉图的形式清晰地显示了蒸发蒸汽波的传播。通过实验得到了二次声热激波在自由表面的反射规律，并与卡拉特尼科夫理论进行了比较。为了获得更高的干涉图分辨率，尝试将传统的激光全息干涉仪改造成双光束激光全息干涉仪。(4)以Vinen提出的涡流线密度发展方程为基础的双流体方程组的超流体热流体动力学现象的数值模拟：通过与实验结果的比较，研究了Vinen方程的涡线密度初值和源项。本文成功地提出了一种二维分析方案，并将其应用于二维楔形板上的热激波反射问题。(5)讨论了该设备的有效性，得出结论认为该设备可用于预期的各种实验。为了提高性能和操作方便，还提出了一些改进建议。少

The objectives of this research are the development of the superfluid shock tube facility which is a multi-purpose general experimental facility for shock wave and thermo-fluid dynamic phenomena in superfluid helium. In addition, several relating experimental studies have been also conducted by using the facility.(1) The design and manufacturing of the facility and shock performance test have been completed. The test with superfluid helium in the low pressure section of the shock tube demonstrated that the shock performance is quite satisfactory for a wide variety of scientific and engineering experiments.(2) Study of second sound thermal shock waves by visualization method of laser holography interferometer and by using superconductive temperature sensors : The propagation and the pulse form deformation due to the breakdown of superfluidity are investigated to yield valuable information on the development of high density quantized vortex on a heater and behind a thermal shock and high … More ly transient heat transfer in He II.(3) Study of evaporation phenomena induced by the direct incidence of a thermal pulse on a free surface of He II both experimentally and by numerical computation : A propagating evaporated vapor wave is clearly visualized in the form of an interferogram. The reflection law of a second sound thermal shock wave from a free surface is experimentally obtained and affirmatively compared with Khalatnikov's theory. An attempt to modify the conventional laser holography interferometer to a two-beam laser holography interferometer was made for a higher resolution of interferograms.(4) Numerical simulation of superfluid thermo-fluid dynamic phenomena on the basis of the two-fluid equation system supplemented with the equation of vortex line density development proposed by Vinen : The initial value of the vortex line density and the source term of the VInen equation are investigated by comparing the result with experimental ones. A scheme for two-dimensional analysis is successfully developed and applied to a problem of a thermal shock wave reflection on a two-dimensional wedge.(5) The validity of the facility is discussed to conclude that the facility can be used for the various experiments anticipated. Some modification are also suggested for the higher performance and easy operation. Less