Development and Applications of biomedical probe microscopes

我们生产了用于生物医学标本的探针显微镜，并研究了它们的应用。我们制作了以下4种探头显微镜，并确定了多种测量条件：1)常规探头显微镜，通过接触、非接触和循环接触三种方式测量探针尖端与试件表面之间的原子力、试件的弹性和粘度、试件的摩擦力等。2)探针显微镜测量液体条件下的样品，如培养基中的培养细胞；3)真空探针显微镜，通过降低循环接触模式测量时空气的阻力来提高分辨率；4)扫描接近最佳原子力显微镜，通过激光透射率和激光的荧光来测量样品的最佳信息。用这些探针显微镜测量了内耳、培养的神经细胞、培养的胶质细胞、培养的成纤维细胞和精子的盖膜表面的形貌，获得了标本、细胞膜和细胞膜上物质的精细地貌信息，以及细胞膜下的细胞质细丝信息，细胞表面的粘弹性信息，以及活细胞的细胞膜的微观运动信息。对于探针显微镜来说，重要的是将样品紧密地固定在试件工作台的表面上，以防止在探针扫描过程中的被动移动。

We produced probe microscopes for use for biomedical specimens and studied their applications. We produced the following 4 kinds of probe microscopes and decided many measuring conditions ; 1) conventional probe microscope to measure atomic force between the tip of the probe and the surface of the specimens, elasticity and viscosity of the specimens, friction force of the specimens and so on by contact, noncontact, and cyclic contact modes. 2) probe microscope to measure the specimens in liquid condition such as cultured cells in the cultured medium, 3) vacuum probe microscope to improve resolution power by decreasing a resistance due to air when measuring by the cyclic contact mode, and 4) scanning nearfied optimal atomic force microscope to measure optimal information of the specimens by laser transmission and fluorescence due to laser. Using these probe microscopes, we measured the topography of the surfaces of the tectorial membrane in the inner ear, cultured nerve cells, cultured glial cells, cultured fibroblasts, and spermatozoa and obtained fine topographical information of the specimens, cell membrane, and substance on the cell membrane, and information of cytoplasmic filaments just under the cell membrane, information of visco-elasticity of the cell surface, and micro-movements of cell membrance of the living cells. It is important for probe-microscopy tightly to fix the specimens on the surface of the specimen stage to prevent passive movement during the scanning of the probe.