Development and Applications of biomedical probe microscopes

我们生产了用于生物医学标本的探针显微镜，并研究了其应用。我们制作了以下4种探针显微镜，并确定了许多测量条件：1）常规探针显微镜，以接触、非接触和循环接触方式测量探针尖端与样品表面之间的原子力、样品的弹性和粘性、样品的摩擦力等。2)探针显微镜，用于测量液体条件下的样品，例如培养基中的培养细胞，3）真空探针显微镜，用于通过在通过循环接触模式测量时减小由于空气引起的电阻来提高分辨率，以及4）扫描近场最佳原子力显微镜，用于通过激光透射和由于激光引起的荧光来测量样品的最佳信息。使用这些探针显微镜，我们测量了内耳盖膜、培养的神经细胞、培养的神经胶质细胞、培养的成纤维细胞和精子的表面形貌，并获得了样品、细胞膜和细胞膜上的物质的精细形貌信息，以及细胞膜下的细胞质细丝的信息，细胞表面的粘弹性信息，以及活细胞的细胞膜的微运动。探针显微镜必须将样品紧密地固定在样品台表面上，以防止探针扫描过程中的被动移动。

We produced probe microscopes for use for biomedical specimens and studied their applications. We produced the following 4 kinds of probe microscopes and decided many measuring conditions ; 1) conventional probe microscope to measure atomic force between the tip of the probe and the surface of the specimens, elasticity and viscosity of the specimens, friction force of the specimens and so on by contact, noncontact, and cyclic contact modes. 2) probe microscope to measure the specimens in liquid condition such as cultured cells in the cultured medium, 3) vacuum probe microscope to improve resolution power by decreasing a resistance due to air when measuring by the cyclic contact mode, and 4) scanning nearfied optimal atomic force microscope to measure optimal information of the specimens by laser transmission and fluorescence due to laser. Using these probe microscopes, we measured the topography of the surfaces of the tectorial membrane in the inner ear, cultured nerve cells, cultured glial cells, cultured fibroblasts, and spermatozoa and obtained fine topographical information of the specimens, cell membrane, and substance on the cell membrane, and information of cytoplasmic filaments just under the cell membrane, information of visco-elasticity of the cell surface, and micro-movements of cell membrance of the living cells. It is important for probe-microscopy tightly to fix the specimens on the surface of the specimen stage to prevent passive movement during the scanning of the probe.