How are produced article of Commerce in the northern part of France and Belgium at Carolingian Period

在这个研究项目中，我们考察了商业物品在中世纪早期欧洲生产中所占的地位。我们初步得出如下结论：1.在有关盐、粮食、酒生产的文件中，我们无法获得专门从事商品生产的信息。然而，文件告诉我们，许多庄园主通常会收到他们在庄园里无法生产的必需品，如通过市场销售的优质小麦或葡萄酒。庄园领主为自己生产葡萄酒或谷物，在市场上出售部分产品。另一方面，他们对租户征收金钱税，迫使租户将他们的产品出售给市场。最近，一些中世纪早期欧洲经济专家认为，在加洛林社会，市场商业不仅是一种谋利手段，而且是一种救济穷人的手段。市场最重要的作用之一是为他们所在地区的所有居民提供必需品。因此，我们必须认识到生产的多姿多彩的特点，以达到市场贸易的目的。

In this research project, we have examined the place where articles of commerce occupied in the production of early medieval Europe. We have arrived at a provisional conclusion as follows ;1. In the documents concerned the production of salt, grain and wine, we can not obtain information about the production specializing in that of merchandise. Nevertheless, documents inform us lots of manor lords usually received the necessities that they could not product in their manor such as wheat or wine of good quality by means of market.2. Manor lords, producing for themselves wine or grains, sold some part of their products at the markets. On the other hand, they, imposing a money tax on their tenants, forced the latter to dispose their products to markets.3. Recently, some specialists of the early medieval European economy have maintained that in the Carolingian society, the market commerce was not only a means of the purpose for profit but a means of the relief of poor. One of the most important roles of markets was to supply necessities to all the habitants in their district. Thus, we must recognize the varicolored character of production for their purpose of market commerce.