A STUDY ON SPACE COGNITION BY THE ELDERLY WITH SENILE DEMENNTIA FOR ARCHITECTURAL PLANNING OF NURSING-HOME

本研究旨在明确老年痴呆老年人的空间认知能力，探讨易认知房间的养老院建筑规划。进行了四项主要调查。第一个是对日本养老院进行全面调查，了解便于认知的物理环境。收集了各种各样的想法。二是采用访谈法和行为观察法对两所养老院进行调查。明确了空间认知能力。第三个是在两家养老院进行的调查，为了便于认知，将住户的房间分成小组。居住空间的形成方式主要有四种，空间认知的线索主要有：房间群的设置、房间的位置、与作为日常生活基础的居住空间的方向、门上的名片和颜色。四是对两所养老院空间认知能力的年际变化情况进行调查。观察了几种类型的年际变化，并推测了变化的原因。因此，老年性痴呆老年人养老院的规划应如下：1。居住者的房间应该在接近公共空间的位置，如休息室和餐厅，并且应该从这些空间看到。居民的房间应分成小组，例如三或四个房间为一组。休息室和厕所应设在附近居民的房间。与眼睛平齐的名片和清晰的颜色有助于方便地认识自己的房间。

The purpose of the study is to clarify the ability on space cognition of the elderly with senile dementia, and to discuss on the architectural planning of nursing-home in which rooms are easily cognizable.Four major surveys were carried out.The first was over all survey of nursing-homes in Japan, to know physical setting for easy cognition. Various ideas were collected.The second was the survey in two nursing-homes by the methods of interview and behavior observation. The abilities of space cognition were clarified.The third was the survey in two nursing-homes in which residents'rooms were grouped into small groups for easy cognition. The living sphere were formed mainly four types of way, and the clues of space cognition were such as the setting of rooms group, position of rooms, the direction from the living spaces which were the bases of daily life, and name cards and colors on the doors. The fourth was the survey in two nursing-homes to know how the abilities of space cognition was changed year by year. Some types of year by year change were observed, and reasons of the change were supposed.As results, the nursing-homes for the elderly with senile demenntia should be planned as follows,1.Residents'rooms should be in positions nearly common spaces such as dayroom and dining room and should be seen from those spaces.2.Residents'rooms should be grouped into small groups, for example three or four rooms in one group. Dayrooms and toilets should be nearby residents'rooms.3.Name cards on the eye level and clear color are usefull for easy cognition of own rooms.