Effects of forest management on Japanese serow populations.

在日本北方青森县胁之泽村研究了日本长鬃羚（Capricornis crispus）种群动态与生境条件，特别是皆伐林和针叶林的关系。成熟林中2-5 km<@D1-2@> D_1的细鳞密度在森林采伐后15年增加，达到15-18 km<@D1-2@> D_1，这是由于食物供应的改善。幼针叶林（柳杉）人工林，落叶树的年轻和中年龄的次生林的间伐密度和植被覆盖度之间的正相关关系。通过对长羚取食行为的直接观察，发现其取食的植物种类有114种，长羚的主要食物是落叶阔叶树的树叶和树枝以及草本植物的树叶。在高密度（16.7 ± 0.001）条件下生活16年，食性变化不大。（2.5km<@D1-2@>D1）对植被的摄食压力较小。日粮氮含量（DNC）在4 ~ 5月、11月和12 ~ 2月分别为4.3%、2.8%和1.2%。粪氮含量在4 ~ 5月、11月、12月和1 ~ 2月分别为4.0%、2.9%、1.8%和1.4-1.5%，粪氮含量与粪氮含量呈正相关，由于雌雄配对的粪氮含量相似，粪氮含量可反映个体领地的质量。在灌木断面积的1.5m高度处，可以用一个减法面积来表示冬季长鬃羚的活动能力。根据个体识别和家域分布，在一个已知数量的serows居住的地区（90公顷）测试了serows块计数的准确性。结果表明，冬季仅以5公顷为单位，准确地计算了栖息在该地区的斑羚的实际数量，而在其他条件下，这一数量被低估。

Relationships between population dynamics of Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) and habitat conditions, especially clear-cutting and conifer plantations, were studied in Wakinosawa Village, Aomori Prefectre, northern Japan. Serow density (2-5 km<@D1-2@>D1) in mature forests increased 15 years after forest cutting, reaching 15-18 km<@D1-2@>D1, due to an improvement of food supply. A positive correlation between serow density and vegetation cover was noted for young conifer (Cryptomeria) plantations, young and midde-aged secondary forests of decidous trees. Direct observations of serow feeding behavior proved 114 feeding species of plants, and main foods of serows were leaves and twigs of broad-leaved deciduous trees and leaves of forbs. Little change of food habits through a 16 years under a highe serow density (16.7(]SY.+-。[)2.5km<@D1-2@>D1) showed a mild feeding pressure on vegetation. Dietary nitrogen contents (DNC) were 4.3%, 2.8% and 1.2% in Apr. -May, Nov. and Dec. -Feb. , respectively. Fecal nitrogen contents (FNC) were 4.0%, 2.9%, 1.8% and 1.4-1.5% in Apr. -May, Nov. , Dec. and Jan. -Feb. , respectively, and a positive correlation was found between the DNC and the FNC.Since the FNC of paired males and females were similar, the FNC may indicate quality of individual territory. Availabillty for serows in winter may be shown by a subtraction area at 1.5m high from basal area of shrubs. Accuracy of block count for serows was tested in an area (90 ha) inhabited by a known number of serows on the basis of individal identification and home range distributions. As the reslt, the actual number of serows inhabiting the area was accrately counted only for a unit size of 5 ha in winter, and the number was understimated under other conditions.