EU Agricultural Restructuring & Environmental Conservation

在欧盟共同农业政策的剧烈改革（1992年）和关贸总协定乌拉圭回合协议（1995年）之后，世界粮食库存量在长期内呈上升趋势。最近，南欧和东欧也计划加入欧盟。以往，新老成员国对环境资源活动的规制存在较大差异。在这一过程中，统一这些规定的层次是一个大问题。此外，欧盟在丛林防火措施、荒地和农田再造林项目、监测酸雨等空气污染对森林的影响评价等方面也实施了积极的行动计划。法国和德国的农场管理制度完全不同。在法国，有许多专门针对农场经营的法律，而在德国，没有这种情况，必须适用一般经营制度。荷兰是莱茵河入海的地方，根据地理条件，在环境保护、防洪措施和土地复垦方面发挥了世界领先的作用。特别是荷兰在保护海平面以下农田和林地的同时，不污染环境，不破坏自然生态系统，这一态度有很多值得日本学习的地方。根据英国Rosamstead农业试验站对有机施用农田硝酸盐化学产品数量的调查结果，即使用有机肥代替硝酸盐化学肥料，如果施用过量，硝酸盐离子也会在土壤和作物中积累。

World grain stock rate has turned out to increase in the long run after the drastic reform of Common Agricultural Policy in the EU (1992) and the agreement of the GATT Uruguay round (1995).Recently, the South and the East Europe are scheduled to be integrated into EU.Formerly, there has been big difference in regulation on the activities based on the environmental resources among the old and new member countries. In this process, it is big issue to unify the levels of these regulations. Also, in the EU,the positive action plans have been implemented in the areas of measures for bush fire prevention, reforestation project in the waste land and farmland and monitoring to evaluate the impact of the air pollution such as acid rain on the forest.The farm management systems in France and Germany are totally different. In France, many types of laws specific to farm management are prepared while in Germany, it is not the case and general management system has to be applied.Netherland, where the river Lein runs into the ocean, has playd Worlds leading role on environmental conservation, measures for flood prevention and land reclamation based on its 1ocation condition.Especially, there are many points for Japan to learn from the attitude of Netherland which try to protect farm & forest land below-the-sea 1evel without environmental contamination or destruction of natural ecological system.According to the results of the investigation on the nitrate chemical products quantity in organically applied fields in Rosamstead Agricultural Experimental Station, UK,even if nitrate chemical fertilizers are substituted with the organic fertilizers, if given more than optimal amount, it turned out that the nitrate ion has been accumulated in the soil and crops.