Environmental Problems in Post Industrial Society

日本和德国作为工业化国家，都面临着严重的环境问题。两国在环境问题和解决方法上有着不同的经验。日本在1950 ~ 1960年经历了一次严重的环境污染（KOGAI），1960年底出现了一些污染过程。1970年日本经历了石油危机导致的环境政策衰退。1980 - 1990年，日本通过1993年环境基本法，在环境政策方面取得了一定的进展。德国在经历了二战的毁灭后，经济得到了很大的发展，但德国也经历了严重的环境污染。自1960年以来，德国制定了一些环境政策。德国是欧盟环境管制最严格的国家之一。我们谈到了环境污染的状况、治理环境污染的方法、行政部门的作用，本文通过对立命馆和科隆两个时期的公民运动和政党作用的分析，认识到德国和日本在环境政策的基本原则上存在着一些差异，在日本，即使可能产生污染，原则上也有经营自由，而在德国，即使可能产生污染，原则上也没有经营自由。我们也认识到，日本没有像欧盟那样的国际组织，我们可以不断地聚集在一起讨论共同的污染问题。我们希望NGO能像欧盟那样发挥重要作用。

Japan and Germany have faced to a serious environments problem as industrial country.Two country have experienced some different environments problems and solutions.Japan has experienced a serious environmental pollution (KOGAI) from 1950 to 1960.Some pollution Processes occured in the end of 1960.In 1970 Japan has experienced recession of environmental policy by the oil-schock.From 1980 to 1990 Japan has some progress of environmental policy by act of environmental basic law 1993.After a destroy of country by world war second, Germany has attained a big economic development.Germany has experienced a serious environmental pollution too. Since 1960 Germany has developed some environmental policy.Germany is a one of the most strict environmental regulation country in EU.We have talked about the situation of environmental pollution, the method to environmental pallution, the role of administration, civil movement and role of politic party between Ritsumeikan and Cologne.We have recognized some difference of basic principle to environmental policy between Germany and Japan.There is a freedom of operation in Japan in principle even though it could produce some pollutions.Germany has no freedom of oparation in principle when it could produce some pollutions. We have recognized too that Japan has no international association like EU.where we can discuss a common pollution problem togather continually.We hope that NGO sgould play a important role like EU.