STUDIES ON INTRASPECIFIC DIFFERENTIATION IN TROPICAL ONION (SHALLOT) AND ITS RELATIVES

根据形态性状和开花性状，对从亚洲国家收集的228份葱或小葱种质资源进行了分类。同工酶分析表明，来自日本、韩国和台湾的供试材料均为供试材料，泰国、马来西亚和孟加拉国的供试材料均为供试材料，印度尼西亚供试的供试材料为青葱和供试材料的混合体。尤其是在印度尼西亚的西爪哇和南苏门答腊岛，葱头和尾虾的遗传多样性明显不同。据推测，该地区可能是WAKEGI的发源地之一。随机扩增多态性DNA分析也阐明了该地区农作物的遗传多样性。叶绿体DNA分析表明，大部分WAKEKGI材料是大葱和葱的杂交后代，但也有少数材料是以大葱为母本，大葱为父本，花色苷以花青素为主，黄酮醇含量较低。大葱和小葱中黄酮醇和花青素的比例不同，紫外光下色泽的稳定性也因材料而异。鳞茎的形成对日长和温度的反应以及鳞茎开花的深度也存在差异。这些生理性状与同工酶和DNA分析的分类高度相关。

Grouping of the 228 accessions of shallot or wakegi collected from Asian countries based on morphological and flowering traits was conducted. Almost of all the collected accessions were classified into shallot or wakegi.Discrimination of shallot from wakegi by isozyme analysis clarified that all the accessions from Japan, Korea and Taiwan were wakegi, those from Thailand, Malaysia and Bangladesh were shallot, and those from Indonesia were mixture of shallot and wakegi. Particularly, the genetic diversity in shallot and wakegi was distinct in West Java and South Sumatra, Indonesia. It is suggested that one of the places of origin of wakegi may be thought to be this area. RAPD analysis also clarified the genetic diversity of the crops in this area. Chloroplast DNA analysis clarified that most of wakegi accessions were the hybrid of Welsh onion * shallot, but that there are a few accessions derived from shallot as maternal and Welsh onion as paternal parents.Major anthocyanins in the accessions were cyanidin and only quercetin was found as flavonol. The ratio of the flavonol to anthocyanins was different in shallot and wakegi, and the stableness of color appearance under UV lights was different by accessions. There were also diversity in response to daylength and temperature for bulb formation and in depth of bulb domancy. These physiological traits were highly related to the classification by isozyme and DNA analyzes.