Reconstruction on the change of main road system in Japan

1)作为国土动脉的日本第一个主要道路系统是由古代政府在公元7世纪中期建成的。8世纪初。这个体系在80年代初发生了翻天覆地的变化。和9。也就是在平安桥制作前后。这种转变的原因之一是资本从奈良盆地转移到京都盆地北部。另一个原因是政府的主要道路系统政策发生了变化（邮局和公路的减少）。ashikaga、A.Kinda和K.Kanasaka分别对关东平原、南海道和北流工道的研究区进行了调查。2)古代日本的直路规划体系在中世纪到近代早期经历了一次大规模的转型，原因有二：一是道路养护的可持续性不足，二是护城者的力量及其实现能力的必要性。足利通过考察Koto平原上小司保司的消失和东山道的迁移，阐明了道路系统改造的实际情况（待出版）。3)对于当代日本的主干道系统问题，成田昭一表明，虽然在日本中部地区开通了高速公路，但并不一定能实现高速公路沿线城市间分工合作的理想关系。丰田对四国濑户大桥的经济效应进行了研究，揭示了主干道系统与区域变化之间的相互关系。最后，石川从“时空趋同”的角度对未来主干道系统的变化进行了预测。

1) The first main road system in Japan as an artery of the land was made up by the ancient government between mid 7.and early 8.century. This system was drastically transformed at the turn of the 8.and 9.century, namely around the making of Heiankyo. One of the reasons of this transformattion was the move of capital from Nara Basin to the northern part of Kyoto Basin. The other reason was that the policy of main road system by the government changed (decrease of posts and highways). K.Ashikaga, A.Kinda, and K.Kanasaka investigated this problem for the research area of Kanto Plain, Nankaido, and Hokurikudo respectively.2) The system of straight road plan in ancient Japan experienced a large scale transformation between medieval and early modern ages due to two reasons : one is the inability of sustainable road maintenance, the other is the necessity for worrier's power together with its ability to realize it. Ashikaga clarified the actual condition of road system transformation by examining of the disappear of Hosshoji Oji and the move of Tosando in Koto Plain (to be published).3) As for the problem of main road system in contemporary Japan, Narita showed that the opening of the express ways in Chugoku Area did not necessarily realized the desirable relationship of division and cooperation of work among cities along these express ways. Toyoda studied the economic effect of Seto Bridge for Shikoku and showed the interrelation between main road system and regional change. Finally, Ishikawa forecasted the future main road system change from the viewpoint of 'time-space convergence' concept.