权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Historico-geographical reconsideration of motive and process in decision-making of planned cities' location

规划城市选址决策动机与过程的历史地理再思考

基本信息

批准号：
04451130
负责人：
ASHIKAGA Kenryo
金额：
$ 1.98万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The decision making process of urban location can be grouped into two types generaly. In one type, the location is determined by a dictator in that time, often seen before modern age. In another type decision is made after discussion between some statesmen. In the latter case, it would be easier to know the detail process than the former one, becaese it is often recorded on documents especially in later period. But it is difficult to follow the process perfectly that planned cities built before nineteenth century were decided to locate there, because the materials are already scattered and lost. With the method depended upon historical document, it is almost impossible to make clear 'what he aimed then' and 'how he decided it'. But the fact that cities were there left undeniable marks on a surface of the earth and so on map.therefore we can analyze these problems by using geographical material and method.For example there is a well-discussed question on Japanese history : Why Ieyasu-Tokugawa chose Edo and built his castle and castle-town there as the base and center of his power ? Many theories have been proposed hitherto. Our method of historical geography is, however, able to give a much clearer answer to this kind of question. It was particularly critical for Ieyasu whether Mt.Fuji could be seen or not from the point of his resident. He persuaded himself to locate his castle there, because 'Mt.Fuji In view' has the same pronunciation with 'immortal' in Japanese (Fuji-mi). Together with this example, we proposed some explanations about the motive and process of location of planned cities : Japanese ancient political cities (kanga), modern planned cities, Asien premodern cities, Washington, D.C.in USA, Canadian cities etc.

城市区位决策过程一般可分为两种类型。在一种类型中，地点是由当时的独裁者决定的，这种情况在现代之前很常见。在另一种类型中，决策是在一些政治家之间讨论后做出的。在后一种情况下，比前一种情况更容易了解细节过程，因为它经常记录在文件上，特别是后期。但是，要完美地遵循19世纪以前建造的规划城市选址的过程是很困难的，因为材料已经分散和丢失了。这种方法依赖于历史文献，几乎不可能弄清楚“他当时的目标是什么”和“他是如何决定的”。但是城市的存在在地球表面和地图上留下了不可否认的痕迹。因此，我们可以用地理学的材料和方法来分析这些问题。例如，日本历史上有一个被广泛讨论的问题：为什么德川家康选择江户，并在那里建造他的城堡和城堡城作为他的基地和权力中心？迄今为止，人们提出了许多理论。然而，我们的历史地理学方法能够对这类问题给出更清晰的答案。对于家康来说，能否从他的驻地看到富士山是尤为关键的。他说服自己把他的城堡建在那里，因为“富士山”在日语中与“不朽”（Fuji-mi）的发音相同。结合这一实例，我们对规划城市选址的动机和过程提出了一些解释：日本古代政治城市（kanga）、现代规划城市、亚洲前现代城市、美国华盛顿特区、加拿大城市等。