The development of increasing the energetic efficiency of failing heart : Application of Emax and PVA

我们发现了所有的后外壳化合物潜在性衰退都在替代品中，特别是在特殊的交叉环管左边的螺旋桨甚至在生理条件下。我们的分析显示了两种共生体、指数和同义体衰退的过渡性替代者。因此，我们可以用下面的等式来描述后外晶节拍（节拍数x）的正常化压力（y）：y =a · exp [- （x-1）/tau_e] +b · exp [-（x-1）/tau_s] Xcos [pi （x-1）] +1这一等式非常适合与平均0.9996上的方形核心相关的备用数据。然后，我们设想了与内部Ca ^<2+>循环片段（RF）和与钙^<2+>处理的晶体元素，我们调查了内部Ca^<2+>的影响，并对内部Ca^<2 +> RF和总Ca^<2+>在左侧处理的epinephrine ... More t ventricle RF由exp （-1/tau_s）计算。Ca^<2+>轻微增加的射频，但肾上腺素受到严重影响，它也是药物增强的Emax （一个指数的合并） 2-3次。We also obtained the total amount of Ca^2 handled in one cardiac cycle by combining these RF data with Ca^<2+> handling Vo_2 data。We observed disproportionately high E-C coupling Vo_2 and decreased RF when intracoronarily infused ryanodine （approximately 40 nmol/l blood for 1 h） decreased Emax。我们认为，已经废弃的RF指示性浪费的myocardial Ca^<2+>处理跨动脉胆碱能Ca的大部分碎片^<2+>处理其中一半是内裂钙^<2 +> handling via the sarcoplasmic reticulum.We conclude that analysis of postextrasystolic potentiation in various situation s enables us to better understand pathophysiology of failing hearts and to evaluate pharmacology of cardiotonic agents from anew stand point.没有其他方法可以评估intracellular总Ca^<2+>处理像这个方法这样的整个心脏。Less（低）

We found that all postextrasystolic contractile potentiation decayd in alternans with the exception of particular cases in excised cross-circulated canine left ventricles even under physiological conditions. Our analysis showed the transient alternans to consist of two comoponens, exponential and sinusoidal decay. So we hypothesized that the normalized pressure (y) of postextrasystolic beats (beat number x) could be expressed by the following equation.y=a ・ exp [- (x-1) /tau_e] +b ・ exp [- (x-1) /tau_s] Xcos [pi (x-1)] +1This equation very closely fitted the alternans data with a squared corelation coefficient of 0.9996 on average. Then, we speculated that the exponential component of this equation would be related to the intracellular Ca ^<2+> recirculation fraction (RF) and the sinusoidal component to Ca^<2+> handling by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.We investigated the effects of intracoronary Ca^<2+> and epinephrine on the intracellular Ca^<2+> RF and total Ca^<2+> handling in the lef … More t ventricle. RF was calculated from tau_s by exp (-1/tau_s). Ca^<2+> slightly increased RF but epinephrine scarcely affected it althoug both drugs enhanced Emax (an index of con) 2-3 times. We also obtained the total amount of Ca^2 handled in one cardiac cycle by combining these RF data with Ca^<2+> handling Vo_2 data.We observed disproportionately high E-C coupling Vo_2 and decreased RF when intracoronarily infused ryanodine (approximately 40nmol/l blood for 1h) decreased Emax. We considered that the decreased RF indicated wasteful myocardial Ca^<2+> handling for a greater fraction of transsarcolemmal Ca^<2+> handling which was half economical of intracellular Ca^<2+> handling via the sarcoplasmic reticulum.We conclude that analysis of postextrasystolic potentiation in various situation s enables us to better understand pathophysiology of failing hearts and to evaluate pharmacology of cardiotonic agents from anew stand point. No other methods can evaluate intracellular total Ca^<2+> handling in the whole heart like this method. Less