An examination of work-family interface : Focusing on the balance of instrumentality and emotionality of interpersonal relationships.

本研究由三个研究组成，考察了社会情绪和任务相关的人际关系对个体幸福感的影响。第一个研究揭示了关于社会情绪关系的熟人过程的两个有趣的结果。首先，尽管社会情感关系对大学新生早期适应过程的负面影响是强烈的，但不是持久的，但积极的影响不是强烈的，而是持久的。第二，在大学入学后的一段时间内，大学新生与朋友的人际关系反映了父母的育儿态度。但六个月后，新生父母的育儿态度对他们的朋友关系几乎没有影响。对于父母在育儿过程中没有过度保护的新生来说，情况尤其如此。对于父母过度保护的新生来说，教养态度持续影响着新生的朋友关系…更多的友情。根据这些结果和以前的一些发现，人们的认同感稳定性被认为是社会-情感关系影响他们早期环境适应过程的中介过程。第二项研究表明，男性员工的性别角色态度调节了他们与工作相关的人际关系(以下称为工作关系)和与工作无关的人际关系(以下称为非工作关系)之间的关系。在具有传统性别角色态度的男性中，工作关系和非工作关系之间的关系强于具有平等主义性别角色态度的男性。工作关系对男性传统性别角色态度的适应有较强的影响，而非工作关系对持平等主义性别角色态度的男性适应有较强的影响。一种是与工作倦怠倾向有关，这是人类服务工作中的典型症状；另一种是一般健康问卷测量的一般症状。本研究的结果如下。一方面，工作关系影响护士的职业倦怠倾向，另一方面，非工作关系影响护士的一般症状。非工作关系在工作关系对护士职业倦怠倾向的影响中起到调节作用。非工作关系舒适的护士，工作关系对职业倦怠倾向的影响较大，而工作关系对职业倦怠倾向的影响较小。较少

This report consist of three studies which examined the effects of socio-emotional and task relevant interpersonal relationships on individuals' well-being.The first study revealed two interesting results about acquaintance process of socio-emotional relationships. First, although the negative impact pf socio-emotional relationships on early adaptation processes of freshmen to their university life was strong but not persistent, the positive impact of them was not strong, but persistent. Second, in the period near after university entrance, interpersonal relationships of university freshmen with their friends reflected their parents' child rearing attitude. But six months after, child rearing attitude of freshmen's parents had little impact to their friend relationships. Especially this was true for freshmen whose parents were not overprotective in their child-rearing. As for freshmen whose parents were overprotective, rearing attitudes persistently influenced freshmen's friend relatio … More nship. According to these result and some previous findings, stability of people's identity were thought to mediates the process in which socio-emotional relationships influence their early adaptation processes to the environment.The second study showed that the sex role attitude of male employees moderates relations between their interpersonal relationships relevant to work (below descried as 'work relationship') and ones irrelevant to work (below descried as 'non-work relationship'). As for men who had traditional sex role attitude, the relation between work relationships and non-work relationships was stronger than as for men who had egalitarian sex role attitude. And the work relationship had strong impact to adaptation of men with traditional sex role attitude, but non-work relationships had strong impact to adaptation with egalitarian sex role attitude.The third study was conducted to clarify the role of work and non-work relationships in two kinds of adaptation processes among nurses. One was relevent to the burnout tendency which is a typical symptom at work situation in human service, other was the general symptom which was measured by general health questionnaire. The results of this study were as follows. On the one hand work relationships influence the nurses' burnout tendency, but on the other hand non-work relationships influence their general symptoms. And non-work relationship moderated the influences of work relationships to nurses' burnout tendency. Although as for the nurses who has comfortable non-work relationship, the work relationships has strong impact to their hurnout tendencies, as for their counterpart, work relationship had little impact to their burnout tendency. Less