A Comparative Sociological Study on Urban Agriculture and City Farming

(1)通过对日本城市化程度最高的三个地区，即东京、名古屋和大阪的比较研究，发现名古屋和大阪有保存完好的农田，但东京没有保存完好的农田。因此，在东京，都市农业与国家政府的农业政策是分开的。然而，在名古屋和大阪，都市农业被纳入中央政府的农业政策。这一差异反映了东京和其他两个城市地区都市农业的不同特点。总的来说，东京的都市农业比其他两个地区更独立于中央政府。东京都(23个区)的都市农业情况与冲绳县那霸市非常相似，因为这两个城市的所有农地都已被纳入城市化导向区。然而，《保护绿色农田法》尚未在那霸出台，与东京有所不同。因此，那霸市城镇化地带的城市耕地被广泛而迅速地淘汰。我发现许多农民被转移到那霸以外的地方继续农业。(3)在冈山和虎冈等当地城市的案例中，我可以发现城市农场的发展有助于为农村农民创造新的就业机会，如农场维护和向非熟练城市农民传授耕作技术。(4)1发现农业和城市之间的联系建立了当今城市地区潜在的新的社会发展模式。

I could find many important facts on the current situation of Urban agriculture and city farming mainly in Japanese city areas as Follows ;(1)By the comparative study among the three most urbanized areas in Japan, i.e. Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka, I found there are preserved farm land in Nagoya and Osaka, but there are preserved farm land not at all in Tokyo. So, urban agriculture is separated from national government's agricultural policies in Tokyo. However, urban agriculture is involved in agricultural policies of central government in Nagoya and Osaka. This difference reflects difference of the characteristics of urban agriculture between Tokyo and other two urban areas. Generally speaking, urban agriculture of, Tokyo is more independent from the central government than other two areas. Urban agriculture of Tokyo is assisted by municipal offices effectively and many farmers are more active to do marketing than other two areas.(2)The situation of urban agriculture of Tokyo metropolitan area (23 wards) is rather similar to Naha city of Okinawa, because all the farm land has already included in urbanized oriented zone in both of these cities. However, "Preservation Green Farmland Law" has not yet introduced in Naha differently from Tokyo. So, urban farmland is eliminated widely and rapidly from urbanized zone in Naha city. I found many farmers removed to outside of Naha to continue agriculture.(3)In the cases of local cities such as Okayama and Hukuoka, I could find development of city farms contribute to create new jobs for rural farmers such like farm maintenance and instruction of farming technique to non skilled city farmers.(4)1 found that connections between agriculture and the city establish new potential patterns of social development in urban areas today.