The military historical study of bushi warrior's in Nara and Heian period

本报告的目的是阐明以下事实的历史意义，即奈良和平安早期武士的出现。得出以下几点结论：1、日本古代武士与东亚各国，尤其是中国唐宋时期和高丽时期的韩国武士一样，都是卫所的武官，肩负着保卫国王和首都的职责。他们的社会地位是由国王和国王授予的。这些武士原本是双生子的，不同于平安中期后出现在当地国家的领主。2.到了10世纪，旧时代的武士大多转变为文官，这一阶层的家庭仅限于日本内战中新出现的胜利者(原平、平石和藤原英三)。3、支持…的家族更令人恼火的是，中世纪的Busi‘s ie来自下层同龄人的“士兵’ie”。此外，我们还有以下几点看法。4、从11世纪开始，武士开始向地方扩张，成为居室领主。5、集结内战时期，武士政权(黑石)被卑鄙的武士和武装的居室领主(军事阶级，后来成为武士)所击败。在此之后，镰仓武夫成立，其首领南本约里托摩鼓励直系诸侯掌握传统军事艺术，武士等同于居民领主的思想得到了牢固的确立。6、并试图通过对武士的武器和战斗方式的关注来明确武士作为武士的性质。7、我们试图批判普遍接受的观点，即武士在腐败和堕落的平安同辈统治下逐渐在地方国家获得权力，然后武士击败同辈，以构建中世纪的新社会，并弄清楚这种公认观点形成的历史时刻和过程。较少

The aim of this report is to make clear the historical significance of the following fact, that is, the emergence of the bushi warriors in Nara and early Heian periods. And we have several conclusions as following.1, The japanese ancient bushi warriors were the military officiers at Guard House who had the duty of protecting the King and his capital just like the military officiers in the Eastern Asian countries, especially those of Chinese Tang and Sung Dynasties and Korean military peers (Buhan) of Koryo Dynasty. Their social status was granted by king and the stste. These bushi warriors are originally twon-rooted and different from the resident lords in the local countries who appeared after mid-Heian period.2, By the 10th century, the majority of the bushi warriors of old times changed into civil officials and the families of this class came to be limited to the new emerging winners (Gengi, Heishi and Hidesato-Fujiwara) of the Civil Wars of Johei and Tengyo.3, The families who pros … More pered as busi's Ie in the Middle Ages came from "Soldier's Ie" of lower Peers. And in addition to this, we have some views of followings.4, From 11th century, bushi warriors began to expand their power into local countries and became the resident lords.5, Bushi's political power (Heishi) was beated by both the ignoble bushi warriors and the armed resident lords (military class who became bushi warroir later) in the Civil Wars of Jisho and Jyuei eras. After that, Kamakura Bukufu was founded and its head Minamoto Yoritomo encouraged the Immediate vassals to master the traditional military arts, and so the idea that bushi warriors equaled the resident lords formally got firmly fixed.6, Moreover we try to make clear the character of bushi as warriors through paying attention to their arms and the way of fighting.7, And we try to criticize the common accepted opinion that bushi gradually had power in local countries under the rule of corrupted and degarted Heian peers and then bushi beated peerin order to construct new society of Middle Ages and make clear the historical moment and course of the formation of that accepted opinion. Less