THE RESEARCH OF PROCESS OF DEVELOPING A LARGE LAND HOLDING IN A RICE MONOCULTURE REGION

山田家族是越后水稻单一种植区Kubiki平原的大地主，在江户时代增加了土地拥有量。在江户时代早期，山田家族的农场很小，而且是独立的。在元禄时代，土地拥有量首次以家庭使用的方式小规模增加。从18世纪后期开始，以征收大米为目的的土地出借，首先使土地的进一步征收成为可能。经营资金来自地租和借贷。借出土地的收入用于进一步购置，而现金交易的利息则用于业务资金。然而，直到19世纪初，并不是所有的利润都投资于土地征用。为了应对天宝时代的饥荒和社会动荡，山田家族试图通过大量资本投资来获得大片土地。在这一时期之后，土地征用突然被推进，因此在江户时代末期，这个家族是一个拥有1600个koku的大地主。

The Yamada family, a large landholder on the Kubiki plain of the Echigo rice monoculture region, increased its land holdings throughout the Edo period.The Yamada family farm was small and independent in the early Edo period. Land holding were first increased on a small scale for family use in the Genroku era.Beginning in the late 18th century, land lent out for the purpose of collecting the rice as rent first enabled further land acquisition. Management was funded by both land rent and money lending. lncome from loaned land enabled further acquisition, while interest on cash transactions was used for operational funding. Until the early 19th century, however, not all profit was invested in land acquisition.In responese to the famine and social unrest of the Tenpo era, the Yamada family attempted large land acquisition through large investments of capital. After this period, acquisition was suddenly pushed, so that by the end of the Edo period the family was a large landholder in position of 1600 koku.