STRUCTUAL ANALYSIS OF THE AUSTRIA=HUNGARIAN AUSGLEICH

哈布斯堡王朝由欧洲东半部的一系列领土组成，由超过11个民族组成。在对普鲁士的战争中失败后，被排除在德意志国家的统一之外，君主制被迫改革其治理结构以生存。1867年，王朝与最强大的民族马扎尔人达成了一项协议（Ausgleich），据此，匈牙利王国在君主制下获得了半独立地位。从这个时候起，君主制被分为奥地利部分和匈牙利部分，所谓的“二元体系”由此开始。虽然君主制的每个部分都有独立的政府来管理内部事务，但外交和军事政策仍然在共同部委的管辖之下。虽然这两个部分之间总是存在分歧，但二元论体系一直运作到君主制的最后一天。匈牙利部分抱怨其在君主制中的地位低于奥地利部分，并渴望采取更独立的行动。根据奥斯格列希协议，两国君主的代表每十年会面一次，评估双方的经济关系。这些会议使他们有机会讨论二元论系统的各种问题，以便尽量减少他们之间的分歧。

The Habsburg Monarchy consisted of a range of territories in the eastern half of Europe and was composed of more than 11 ethnic groups. After the loss in the war against Prussia, excluded from the unification of the German states, the Monachy was forced to reform its governing structure in order to survive.In 1867 the dynastty reached an agreement (Ausgleich) with the most powerful ethnic group, Magyars, by which the kingdom of Hungary received semiindependent status within the Monarchy. From this time the Monarchy was divided into Austrian part and Hungarian part and the so-called 'Dualist system' was thereby inaugurated. While each part of the Monarchy had independent government to reign internal affairs, foreign and military policies remained under the jurisdiction of the common ministries.Although there were always disagreements between the two parts, the Dualist system worked until the last day of the Monarchy. Hungarian part was complaining of its inferior status within the Monarchy to Austrian part, and eager to act more independently. According to the Ausgleich agreement, the representatives of both parts of the Monarchy were to meet in every ten years to assess their economic relations. These meetings gave them the opportunity to talk about various problems of the Dualist system so as to minimize the disagreement between them.