On the Mental Lexicon : At the Linguistic/Psycholinguistic Interface.

本研究的目的是结合心理语言学和神经语言学的研究结果，探讨形态加工的心理/神经机制。具体地说，我们在一项联合研究中检验了S.Pinker和他的同事们提出的屈折形态学“双机制模型”是否适用于派生形态学。该模型论证了规则控制的规则过程和基于联想记忆/类比的非规则过程之间的定性区别。我们进行了两个实验，一个是在正常成年人身上，另一个是在脑损伤患者身上，我们检查了两个日语名义后缀-sa和-mi之间的差异。实验一的结果表明，-sa和-mi对新词的适用性不同，而-mi表现出“相似效应”，说明规则和类比在派生词法中都是有效的。此外，p…Broca区病变患者对新词的偏爱程度高于Broca区病变患者的偏好模式，表明Broca区病变患者的两种心理机制(规则和类比)受到不同神经机制的支持。这些发现对理论形态学和神经语言学都有重要意义：它们为形态学理论提供了一个新的视角，表明规则/类比区分跨越了屈折/派生的区别，并为语言和大脑的研究提供了新的视角，证明了Broca区被认为参与了句法过程。实际上负责“计算”过程，无论它们涉及短语/句子级别的单位还是形态/单词级别的单位。因此，我们的研究说明了这两个领域的研究如何相互受益。到目前为止，我们的研究还没有充分考虑到现有的带有-al/-mi的词是如何被加工的，我们将继续进行一系列新的实验。较少

The aim of this project has been to investigate the mental/neurological mechanism involved in morphological processes, taking into consideration the results reported in psycholinguistic/neurolinguistic studies.Specifically, we examined in a joint research whether the "dual mechanism model", proposed by S.Pinker and his colleagues for inflectional morphology, is appropriate for derivational morphology. The model argues for qualitative diferences between rule-governed regular processes and associative memory/analogy-based irregular processes. We conducted two experiments, one on normal adults and the other on brain-damaged patients, where we examined differences between two Japanese nominal suffixes -sa and -mi. The result of the first experiment shows that -sa and -mi behave differently with respect to applicability to novel words and that -mi, but not -sa, exhibits the "similarity effect", demonstrating that both rule and analogy are operative in derivational morphology. Furthermore, p … More atients with a lesion in Broca's area preferred -mi over -sa on novel words while patients with a lesion in other areas exhibited a different preference pattern, which suggests that the two mental mechanisms (rule and analogy) are supported by different neurological mechanisms.These findings have significant implications both for theoretical morphology and neurolinguistics : they provide a new perspective to the theory of morphology in showing that the rule/analogy distinction crosscuts the inflection/derivation distinction, and to the study of language and brain in demonstrating that Broca's area, which is believed to be involved in "syntactic" processes, is in fact responsible for "computational" processes whether they involve phrasal/sentential-level units or morphological/word-level units. Thus our study illustrates how researches in the two fields can benefit from each other.Our study has so far not given enough considerastions on how existing words with -sal/-mi are processed, and we will continue working on this with a new series of experiments. Less