Image of Women in Ancient Greek Literature, especially in Epics and Tragedy

在三年研究期间取得的成果不一定包括第一阶段的所有目标。第一个方案包括阐释史诗和悲剧两种不同类型的女性形象。最后，将悲剧排除在调查范围之外，只对荷马和赫西俄斯诗歌中的女性形象进行解释。但它确实产生了成功的结果。人们经常指出，《荷马史诗》中的女性形象与《赫西奥德》中的女性形象大不相同。我研究的目的之一是弄清楚这种差异是从何而来的。这项调查为这个问题提供了新的线索：它不是由诗人的社会阶层或观众和读者的差异造成的，正如有时所说的那样，而是取决于诗人看待女性的眼睛，友好或敌对。以下应该被提及作为研究的好结果。首先，两首荷马史诗中的女性形象并不总是连贯的：《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》中的女性形象明显不同。其次，虽然荷马诗歌似乎与赫西奥德强调的臭名昭著的厌女症无关，但《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》并没有摆脱性别偏见和意识形态，因为诗歌反映了时代的现实。在第三章中，荷马揭示了他对人类的深爱也同样倾注在女性身上，而女性在荷马社会中受到了明显的歧视。

What is attained during the three-year research term does not necessarily cover all that was aimed at the first stage. The first plans included elucidation of the images of women in the two different genres of epics and tragedy. In the end, tragedy was excluded from the rage of the investigation and only the female images in Homeric and Hesiodic poems were explained in the research. But it is true that it has produced successful results.It is often pointed out that the images of women in Homer are quite different from those of Hesiod. One of the aims of my research is to make clear from what the difference was derived. This investigation has thrown new light upon the question : it does not result from the difference of social class of the poets or the audience and readers, as is sometimes said, but it depends on the poets' eyes, friendly or hostile, with which they looked at women.The following should be mentioned as the good results of the research. First, the images of women in the two Homeric poems are not always coherent : those in the Iliad and in the Odyssey are clearly different. Secondly, although Homeric poems seem to have nothing to do with notorious misogyne, on which Hesiod put emphasis in his poems, nevertheless the Iliad and the Odyssey are not free from the gender bias and ideology because the poems reflect the reality of the age. In the third, Homer reveals the fact that his deep love for human beings is devoted to women as well, who were obviously discriminated in the Homeric society.