A Study of the Transformation of the East German Agriculture under the ECAP

研究表明：(1)东德农场向市场经济转型的主要过程已经结束，但各种矛盾仍在继续；(2)转型的特点是原有大农场农业的连续性强，近期仍将延续这一特点。(2)与前苏联国家、东欧和中国有很大不同。本研究通过统计数据和对一些冲突及其解决方案的调查，特别是关于土地产权和农场旧债的调查，对(2)点进行了解释。它分析了两个法院对这些冲突的判决，因为法院关于土地财产的裁决拒绝了以前的地主的要求，改造后的大农场可以保留。此外，德国政府和国会有义务向这些农场提供一些援助，以使它们在宪法法院的保护下得以生存。法院根据一项基本人权，即占领自由作出这一决定。这一先兆显示了德国社会主义市场经济秩序的特征之一，因为它将基本人权置于市场经济自由之上。

This Research shows that (1) the chief process of the transformation of the East German farms with the transition to the market economy has finished, but various conflicts continue and (2) the transformation is characterized by a strong continuity of the former big farm agriculture and the charateristic will continue in the near future.The point (2) is much different from the former Soviet Countries, eastern Europe and China. This Research explains the point (2) by the statistics and also by the survey of some conflicts and their solutions, especially about the land property and the old debt of the farms. It analized the two court decisions about these conflicts.Because the court decision about the land property refused the claim of a formerjunker (landlord), the transformated big farms can rettain. Also the german government and congress was obligated to give the farms some aids to make them survive by the constitution court. The court based this decision upon one of the fundamental human rights, namely the freedom of occupation. This augument shows one of the characteristics of the social market economy oder in Germany, because it gives the fundamental human right priority over the freedom of market economy.