A Study of conditions and Factors Affecting the Formation of Large-scale Group Farming and Farm Contractor

大型集体农业和农场承包商作为日本农业生产的拉动生产者或支持者而备受关注。本研究旨在阐明北海道规模化集团化农业和农业承包户的形成条件和影响因素，并通过案例研究对其进行研究，得出以下结论：1.农业承包户进入支持区域农业的规模化集团化农业的区域进入空间较小。在这些地区，以所有权入股和机械设施联用为基础的规模化集团化养殖得到了推进。个人占有的完全远足可以继续这些群体的繁殖。建立短期轮作制度(BAT、马铃薯、小麦、大麦)和规模化机械化技术。把管理的目标放在提高生产率上。实现了低成本高收益经营。机械引进与…在区域内引入更多的土地整治，以平衡组织之间的规划。农业合作社以农业为区域经营中心管理农业。会计制度和账面风格在整个组织上是统一的。未来，这些组织的管理规模的扩大可以通过引入集约化作物来促进。这些主体包括农业合作社、事业单位和私营企业。其成立的条件有四点：1)农业劳动力老龄化，缺乏接班人；2)在承包者管理方面形成需求；3)实行短需求的设备投资制度；4)个体农场经营和农场承包者都有经济价值，但仍有一些课题未完成。目前存在两大问题：1)假设利润水平和投资水平，特别是机器和设施；2)机器操作员及其工作制度的雇用。较少

Large-scale group farming and farm contractor attracted attention as pulling producer or supporter of production of Japanese agriculture. This study aimed at elucidating formation conditions and factors of large-scale group farming and farm contractor in Hokkaido, and approached to subject by case study.In the study of large-scale group farming, it is able to conclude as follows :1. These is few entry room for farm contractor to the area that the large-scale group farming which support regional agriculture. In those area, large-scale group farming which based on share holding of possession and joint using of machinery and facilities are advanced. Complete excursion of individual possession can continue these group farming.2. Establishment of short-term crop rotation system (beat, potato, wheat and barley) and large-size mechanization technology.3. Putting the target of management with productivity increasing.4. Realized low cost and high income management.5. Machinery introduction and … More land improvement in the region are introduced on planning for balance among organizations.6. Agricultural co-operative administrated agriculture as a regional management center.7. Accounting system and their book style are unified on whole organization.In the future, enlargement of scale of management on these organizations can promote by introduction of the intensive crops.Farm contractor is categorized into three types by management subject. These subjects are agricultural co-operative, institutional corporation and private enterprise. And their condition of foundation are four points : 1) opportunity of establishment is aging of farm labor and want of successor ; 2) rather demand is formed in the area of management of contractor ; 3) adopting the system which equipment investment in a short demand ; 4) both of individual farm management and farm contractor can have economical merits.But there are some subjects left unfinished. Currently, there are two big issue : 1) assumption of profitable level and investment level particularily machine and facilities ; 2) employment of machine operators and its working system. Less