SIGNIFICANCES OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIORS USING THE NOSE AND THE MOUTH IN MEAT PIGS

尽管猪有自然进化史，但在目前的集约化系统中，猪没有机会在水泥地上用鼻子和嘴巴检查或处理东西以获得奖励。本研究通过比较不同系统的异常行为的表现，并尝试假设它们的心理状态，以了解它们异常行为的原因和意义。尽管他们肯定做了假挖行为和腹部按摩。水泥地上的邻居的照片还有假咀嚼或咀嚼邻居的投影（耳朵，尾巴，腿）。这些异常行为的个体频率与生理指标和生长发育呈正相关。因此，这些异常行为被认为是猪为了避免流感而采取的定向行为。水泥地上的猪一动不动，对倒下的水桶也没有反应。另一窝深窝猪对倒桶有明显的反应，并有明显的运动反应，心跳也明显加快。笼养猪的睡眠持续时间长，但快速型脑电波频繁出现。但是散养猪的睡眠时间较短，虽然脑电波类型较慢。这些结果被认为表明，集约化系统中的肉猪可能存在精神冲突，也可能是一种消耗能量的生活方式。

Pigs in the present intensive systems have no chances to check or treat somethings with their nose and mouth to get rewards on the concrete floor in spite of their natural evolutional history. They were obeserved to show frequent abnormal behaviors using their innate and pride tools.The present study compared the appearance of the abnormal behaviors between some systems and also tried to assume their mind in order to understand the reasons and the significances of those abnormal behaviors.Pigs did elicit checking and digging or treating behaviors on the deep litter or the grass, though they must have done the streotypic sham digging behavior and the massage of the belly. of the neighbors on the concrete floors. And also sham chewing or chewing of the neighbor's projections (ear, tail, leg). Although, the individual frequencies of these abnormal behaviors were inclined to corelate positively with the physiological indices and the growth. So, the abnormal behaviors are thought as the redirected behaviors to avoid the flustration.The pigs were tested with the open field test. Pigs from the concrete floor did not move and had no response to a fallen bucket. But another pigs from the deep litter moved around and responded to the fallen bucket, and also their heart beat was increased.EEG,heart beat and behaviors were compared between the caged and the free-ranged pigs. Caged pigs had long-lasting sleep, although with frequent appearance of the fast-types of brain wave. But the free-ranged pigs had shorter sleep, although with the slow-types of brain wave.These results were thought to indicate that the meat pigs in the intensive system possiblly have mental conflicts and also an energy-exhausting type of life.