Preliminary study on development of autonomy in terms of children's abilities in spatial coping.

本研究从空间应对能力的角度探讨儿童自主性的发展。我们关注的是孩子们的意外和“迷失”。儿童事故最常发生在三岁时，但严重事故也经常发生在一岁以内。在最小的年龄，典型的严重事故是烧伤和吞咽。在我们的印象中，房子是一个安全的养育孩子的地方，但它也是一个严重伤害的地方。成年人在儿童附近并不一定能有效地预防这些事故。一项实验研究表明，4岁的孩子在走路时不能很好地避开障碍物，而5岁的孩子则会小心翼翼地避免摔倒。结果发现，儿童在主动回避和被动回避中的行为差异很大。通过调查和实验两项研究，对麦戈进行了研究。从对1319名家长的调查来看，43%的孩子经历过mai；3岁的孩子容易上当受骗；男孩比女孩更容易上当受骗；几乎所有的邮购都发生在大型超市或百货公司。本实验的目的是在4岁幼稚园儿童中找出引起闹啼的原因。当实验对象在玩具屋里行走时，实验者记录下他/她的行为。在实验中，并没有认识到mai与性能之间的明显关系。并针对这一结果，讨论了麦歌发生的复杂原因。

This research is concerned with development of autonomy in terms of children's abilities in spatial coping. We have focused on accident and 'maigo' (to be lost) among children.Children's accidents were found most frequent at three years of age, but serious aceidents very often occurred during the first year of life, too. Tytical serious accidents in the youngest age were burn and swallowing. In our perception, house is a place for a safe child-rearing, but it is also a place of serious injury. Presence of adults near the children is not necessarily effective in preventing these accidents. An experimental study showed that 4-year-olds did not avoid an obstacle well when walking, whereas 5-vear-olds became careful not to fall. It was found that the children's behaviors in active and passive avoidances were very different.Two researches, one is an investigation and the other is an experiment, were conducted to get information about maigo. From the investigation for 1319 parents, the 43% children have experienced maigo ; 3-year-old children are easy to be maigo ; boys are easier to be maigo than girls ; almost all the maigo occured in large-sized supermarkets of department-stores. The experiment was executed in order to specify a cause of maigo with 4-year-old kindergarteners. While a subject walked in a toy-house, experimenters recorded his/her bevavior. Obvlous relations between maigo and performances in the experiment were not trcognized. For this result.complex reasons to the occurrence of maigo were discussed.