Developmental study of weaning : An analysis of its initiative between mothers and offspring

断奶的发展研究：母亲与后代之间的主动性分析

• 批准号: 09610144
• 负责人: NEGAYAMA Koichi
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: Waseda University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09610144/
• 关键词: weaning; Dan-nyu (Oketani); La Leche League; natural weaning; mother-offspring; questionnaire; behavioral observation; independence; 桶谷式壇乳; 母子行動; 質問紙調査; ラ・レ-チェ・リ-グ; 観察

A) Questionnaires on mothers' milk-feedins and weaning practices were distributed to mothers of 3 year olds in local health centers of 26 Prefectures in Japan. 923 mothers-completed them and the data were analyzed with a special reference to initiatives in the weaning practice. The results indicate the general tendencies as follows : (1) Percentages of breast feeding decreased abruptly at 1 year and at 1.5 years, and it was almost absent after 2 years of age ; (2) mothers tended to stop bottle-feeding at 1 and 1.5 years ; (3) solids were introduced mostly at 5 months. The results also show that (4) milk stoppage was caused mainly by children's factors such as their age, bejaviors of eating solids and leaving from breast, and mothers' factors were less important except for lack of milk secretion, but (5) introduction of solids was urged by maternal effort to expose tastes of solids. 421 mothers took initiatives to stop breast-feedins, and 124 mothers left the decision to children. Which … More side between mothers and offspring has the initiative of weaning did not correlate with any of areas of living, urbanization, children's birth order or sex, or mothers' employment or education. However, in comparison with mothers who weaned following the offspring demands, mothers who took initiative of weaning tended (1) to respect less for offspring's individuality, (2) to wish an earlier weaning, (3) for their own benefit, (4) depending more on medical experts and their own ideas than offsprins's behaviors, (5) based more on the offspring's age than their behaviors.B) Results of (1) behavioral observations and questionnaire studies of sudden weaning called 'Dannyu' and (2) longitudinal observations of weaning practice by focal mothers in La Leche League (a group of mothers who try natural weaning) were analyzed, and were put together with the results of the above to make a synthetic discussion about weaning practice in Japan at the time before the renewal of governmental advice on weaning. Less

A)向日本26个县的地方保健中心的3岁儿童母亲发放了关于母亲哺乳和断奶做法的问卷。923名母亲填写了这些问卷，并对数据进行了分析，特别参考了断奶实践中的举措。结果表明：(1)母乳喂养率在1岁和1.5岁时急剧下降，2岁后几乎消失；(2)1岁和1.5岁时，母亲倾向于停止奶瓶喂养；(3)固体食物在5个月时引入最多。结果还表明：(4)停奶的主要原因是儿童的年龄、吃固体食物的习惯和离开乳房等因素，母亲的因素除了乳汁分泌不足外，其他因素不是很重要。421名母亲主动停止母乳喂养，124名母亲将决定权留给了孩子。哪个…母子之间更多的一方有断奶的主动性，与任何一个地区的生活、城市化、子女出生顺序或性别、母亲的就业或教育无关。然而，与根据后代要求断奶的母亲相比，主动断奶的母亲倾向于(1)不太尊重子女的个性，(2)希望早点断奶，(3)为了自己的利益，(4)更多地依赖医学专家和自己的想法，而不是子女的行为，(5)更多地基于后代的年龄，而不是他们的行为。B)对(1)突然断奶的行为观察和问卷研究的结果，以及(2)La Leche League(一群尝试自然断奶的母亲)重点母亲对断奶实践的纵向观察的结果，并与上述结果结合起来，对政府断奶建议更新之前日本的断奶实践进行了综合讨论。较少

项目成果

Negayama,K.: "Development of reactions to pain of inoculation in children and their mothers." International Journal of Behavioral Development. (印刷中).

Negayama, K.：“儿童及其母亲对接种疼痛的反应的发展”（国际行为发展杂志）。

K,Negayama: "Feeding as a communication between mother and infant in Japan and Scotland."Research and Clinical Center for Child Development. (in press). (2000)

K，Negayama：“在日本和苏格兰，喂养是母亲和婴儿之间的沟通。”儿童发展研究与临床中心。

K,Negayama: "Development of reactions to pain of inoculation in children and their mothers."International Journal of Behavioral Development. 23. 731-746 (1999)

K，Negayama：“儿童及其母亲对接种疼痛的反应的发展。”国际行为发展杂志。

K,Negayama: "Weaning and mother-child relationship (in Japanese)"Behavioral Science Research. 36 (published in 1999). 1-11 (1997)

K，Negayama：“断奶与母子关系（日语）”行为科学研究。

今田・志村・根ヶ山・志賀: "食行動の心理学(分担執筆)" 培風館, 28 (1997)

今田、志村、根山、滋贺：《饮食行为心理学（合着）》《百风馆》，28（1997）