A STUDY ON SUSTAINABLE USE OF SOIL RESOURCES RELATED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANDISOLS AND VEGETATION CONTROL

通过对分布于日本的安第斯土的调查，从土壤形成和地理分布两个角度研究了安第斯土的发育与古代土地利用制度的关系。本研究的目的是评价植被控制对土壤保持的影响，探讨安第斯土壤资源可持续利用的意义。安迪斯的地理分布与草原的发展与古代生物密切相关，以古代为代表！中世纪的放牧记录和出土的马骨制品。根据对陷阱的初步研究，可以推断，有效狩猎的可持续草原控制的必要性影响了安第斯土的发展，关东地区高地浅色安第斯土的形成与古代炼铁的降雨有很好的对应关系。此外，浅色安第斯土发育在…的高地崎玉县的Moryaina较多，腐殖化程度较低，北部植硅体颗粒较多。这些结果支持植被控制对安迪索形成的影响，以满足次生林作为燃料的需要。在岩手县玉屋、神奈川县博代、岛根县桑贝和熊本县麻生地区，比较了在可持续的芒属草地和次生林下形成的次生林的特征。腐殖质组成、碱饱和度和可交换酸度Y1的分析表明，这些土壤的性质存在显著差异。用A型腐植酸的形成来评价土壤的固碳能力，用碱饱和度来表征土壤的控酸能力，草原安第斯土的固碳能力都比森林安第斯土有增加的趋势。通过对粘土矿物的X-射线衍射分析，推测其酸度控制能力取决于以风尘补给为特征的母质组成。认为安第斯土具有优越的古生物系统发育，是土地可持续利用和水土保持的土壤资源。较少

The relationship between the development of Andisols and the ancient land use system was studied by investigation on Andisols distributed in Japan accoiding to two points of view, soil formation and geographical distribution. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of vegetation control on soil conservation and discuss the significance of sustainable use of Andisols soil resources. The geographical distribution of Andisols show correspondence with the development of grassland closely related to ancient livings, represented by ancient! medieval age grazing records and excavated articles of horse bones. From preliminary studies on pitfalls, it is inferred that the nececssity of sustainable grassland control for effective hunting influenced the development of Andisol.The formation of Light colored Andisols in the upland of Kanto district shows good correspondence with the ancient rains of iron manufacture. Furthermore, the light colored Andisols developed in the upland of … More Moroyaina in Saitama prefecture, is characterized with low humification degree and relatively large amount of boreal phytolith grains. These fingings support the influence of vegetation control on Andisol formation in the needs of secondary forests as fuel. These secondary forest, which distribute along the axis of northwest winter monsoon, accompanies the function to conserve surface soil from wind erosion.The characteristics of Andisols formed under sustainable susuki (Miscanthus) grassland and secondary forest were compared in the following investigated areas ; Tamaya in Iwate prefecture, Bodai in Kanagawa prefecture, Sambe in Shimane prefecture, and Aso in Kumamoto prefecture. Remarkable difference was recognized in the properties of these soils supported by the analysis on humus composition, base saturation degree and exehangable acidity Y1. The capacity of carbon fixation estimated by the the formation of A type humic acid and the capacity of acidity control interpreted by base saturation degree both had tendency to increase in the grassland Andisols than that of forest Andisols. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis on clay minerals, we inferred that capacity of acidity control depends on composition of parent materials characterized by the eolian dust supply. We conclude that Andisols which developed with superior ancient living system are to be recognized as soil resource derived from sustainable land use and soil conservation. Less