GRAMMAR OF ACTION--RATIONALITY AND NORMATIVITY IN THE CAUSAL WORLD

mori从亚里士多德那里获得了理性的基本概念，这种概念坚决反对将常识分为理论理性和实践理性。他将唯能的概念应用于这一理性，从亚里士多德的实践观和理论观出发，提出了理解实践理性和规范性的新途径。他特别批评了当代价值理论中行动作用的模糊性和人的概念的困难性。他还指出了意向性概念在考虑实际解释和评价时的局限性。小池修辞学以希腊修辞学家的作品为主题，展示了我们道德观念的整体性。他还试图探讨实用知识（phronesis）在科学和技术中只具有一些外围重要性的当代情况的根源。为了澄清行为的语法，新岛先生研究了亚里士多德实践理性的可能性。通过批判休谟的二元论行为理论，他指出了美德的哲学意义，即以特殊方式看待特定情况的人的心灵的感性力量。nakahata考虑了构成实践规范性的最基本概念。他通过新柏拉图主义和中世纪哲学对亚里士多德语言观念的转变，对心理学语言观念的起源进行了原创性的考察，揭示了亚里士多德语言观念的一些独特之处。康德运用后来维特根斯坦的语言游戏观，把意向性理解为语言现象，以句子的功能为中心来考虑语言的功能。他还研究了“厚概念”的掌握结构，并通过对“理性与欲望”和“事实与价值”二元论的批判指出了它们的不可调和性。少

T.Mori has picked up the basic conception of reason in Aristotle that firmly resists the common-sense division into the theoretical and the practical reason. Applying the concept of energeia to this reason, he suggested a new way of understanding practical rationality and normativity in terms of the Aristotelian conception of praxis and theoria.T.Okabe has pointed out some problems of Aristotelian presuppositions hidden in modern theories of action ; especially he criticized both the ambiguities of the role of action in contemporary value theories, and some difficulties in the concept of person. He also indicated the limitation of the conception of intentionality in considering practical explanation and evaluation.Taking up works of a Greek rhetorician for his subject, S.Koike has shown the holistic character of our moral concepts. He also tried to investigate the origin of the contemporary situations where practical knowledge phronesis) has only got some peripheral importance in consi … More dering science and technology.Attempting to clarify the grammar of action, T.Niijima has investigated into the possibility of Aristotelic practical reason. By criticizing Humean dualistic theory of action, he indicated the philosophical significance of virtue as the perceptual power of mind in the person who looks at particular situations in her special way.M.Nakahata has considered the most basic concepts that constitutes practical normativity. He made such an original investigation into the origin of the psychologistic idea of language in the transformation of Aristotelian conception of language through neo-Platonism and medieval philosophy, that some unique characteristics of Aristotle's understanding of language were made clear.T.Kan used later Wittgenstein's idea of language game so as to understand intentionality as linguistic phenomena, and considered functions of language with those of sentences in centre. He also investigated the structure of the mastery of 'thick concepts' , and indicated their uncodifiablity through his criticism against the dualism of ' reason and desire ' and ' fact and value ' . Less