Cognitive Processes Supporting Epistemic Rationality in Belief Formation and Revision
支持信念形成和修正中认知理性的认知过程
基本信息
- 批准号:RGPIN-2017-03758
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 2.33万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:加拿大
- 项目类别:Discovery Grants Program - Individual
- 财政年份:2022
- 资助国家:加拿大
- 起止时间:2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
People form and revise their beliefs about the world based on evidence they gather (e.g., through their own observations, conversations with other people, and the news media). Sometimes, though, people hold beliefs that seem to be contrary to the evidence available to them. Scholars and policy makers have underscored the urgency of better understanding conditions that foster the growth of evidence-inconsistent beliefs (e.g., conspiracy theories about the cause of the Zika virus, denial of climate change) in a digitally-connected world. Recent research in cognitive psychology suggests that such “epistemic irrationality” (beliefs that contradict the available evidence) stems, not from a lack of intelligence, but rather from a failure to voluntarily engage analytic thinking processes (e.g., logical or statistical reasoning). The proposed research has three objectives to further our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying epistemic irrationality. First, a collection of cognitive tasks will be developed that measure the engagement and execution of various fundamental processes that serve as “building blocks” in the formation and revision of beliefs (e.g., generation of hypotheses, evaluation of the diagnostic value of individual pieces of evidence, combination of all the evidence to arrive at an overall belief assessment, updating of existing beliefs in light of new evidence). These tasks will allow assessment of whether systematic differences between people in their inclination to engage in analytic thinking are restricted to specific underlying cognitive processes or are more global in nature. Second, these tasks will then be used to test the effectiveness of a “rationality checklist” that encourages greater engagement of analytic thinking, by prompting people to evaluate and adopt alternative thinking strategies that could be brought to bear in assessing a target belief in light of the available evidence. Third, findings from completion of the first two objectives will be applied to more complex real-world beliefs and evidence-gathering processes, such as those used to evaluate the validity of a claim (e.g., that cellphone radiation is a health hazard) through an internet search for available evidence. The proposed research will contribute to emerging theories of cognition that distinguish reasoning processes that operate at the algorithmic (e.g., execution of learned rules) and reflective (e.g., epistemic regulation) levels. Findings from the proposed research could be applied to the development of more effective public communications, for example by government service organizations, that are better attuned to how people can arrive at evidence-inconsistent beliefs (e.g., that produce resistance to evidence-supported policies and programs).
人们根据他们收集的证据形成并修正他们对世界的信念(例如,通过他们自己的观察,与其他人的对话,以及新闻媒体)。 然而,有时候,人们持有的信念似乎与他们所掌握的证据相反。 学者和政策制定者强调了更好地理解促进证据不一致信念增长的条件的紧迫性(例如,关于寨卡病毒原因的阴谋论,否认气候变化)在一个数字连接的世界。 最近的认知心理学研究表明,这种“认识上的非理性”(与现有证据相矛盾的信念)并非源于缺乏智力,而是源于未能自愿参与分析思维过程(例如,逻辑或统计推理)。 本研究有三个目的,以进一步了解认知过程中潜在的认知非理性。 首先,将开发一系列认知任务,以测量在信念的形成和修正中充当“积木”的各种基本过程的参与和执行(例如,假设的产生、单个证据的诊断价值的评估、所有证据的组合以达到总体信念评估、根据新证据更新现有信念)。 这些任务将允许评估人们在从事分析性思维的倾向方面的系统差异是否仅限于特定的潜在认知过程,或者在本质上更具全球性。 其次,这些任务将被用来测试一个“理性检查表”的有效性,该检查表鼓励人们更多地参与分析性思维,通过促使人们评估和采用替代性思维策略,这些策略可以根据现有证据评估目标信念。 第三,完成前两个目标的结果将应用于更复杂的现实世界的信念和证据收集过程,例如用于评估索赔有效性的过程(例如,手机辐射是一种健康危害)通过互联网搜索现有的证据。 拟议的研究将有助于新兴的认知理论,区分在算法(例如,学习规则的执行)和反射(例如,认知调节)水平。 拟议研究的结果可以应用于更有效的公共传播的发展,例如政府服务组织,更好地协调人们如何达成证据不一致的信念(例如,对有证据支持的政策和方案产生阻力)。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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{{ truncateString('Koehler, Derek', 18)}}的其他基金
Cognitive Processes Supporting Epistemic Rationality in Belief Formation and Revision
支持信念形成和修正中认知理性的认知过程
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2017-03758 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Cognitive Processes Supporting Epistemic Rationality in Belief Formation and Revision
支持信念形成和修正中认知理性的认知过程
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2017-03758 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Cognitive Processes Supporting Epistemic Rationality in Belief Formation and Revision
支持信念形成和修正中认知理性的认知过程
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2017-03758 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Cognitive Processes Supporting Epistemic Rationality in Belief Formation and Revision
支持信念形成和修正中认知理性的认知过程
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2017-03758 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Intuition, deliberation, and learning in repeated decision making under uncertainty
不确定性下重复决策中的直觉、深思熟虑和学习
- 批准号:
183792-2010 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Intuition, deliberation, and learning in repeated decision making under uncertainty
不确定性下重复决策中的直觉、深思熟虑和学习
- 批准号:
183792-2010 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Intuition, deliberation, and learning in repeated decision making under uncertainty
不确定性下重复决策中的直觉、深思熟虑和学习
- 批准号:
183792-2010 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Intuition, deliberation, and learning in repeated decision making under uncertainty
不确定性下重复决策中的直觉、深思熟虑和学习
- 批准号:
183792-2010 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Intuition, deliberation, and learning in repeated decision making under uncertainty
不确定性下重复决策中的直觉、深思熟虑和学习
- 批准号:
183792-2010 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Frequency accumulation and cue integration in experience-based probability judgment
基于经验的概率判断中的频率积累和线索整合
- 批准号:
183792-2004 - 财政年份:2008
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
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支持信念形成和修正中认知理性的认知过程
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- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Cognitive processes supporting emotion regulation choices
支持情绪调节选择的认知过程
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2019-06425 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Cognitive Processes Supporting Epistemic Rationality in Belief Formation and Revision
支持信念形成和修正中认知理性的认知过程
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2017-03758 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Cognitive Processes Supporting Epistemic Rationality in Belief Formation and Revision
支持信念形成和修正中认知理性的认知过程
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2017-03758 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Cognitive Processes Supporting Epistemic Rationality in Belief Formation and Revision
支持信念形成和修正中认知理性的认知过程
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2017-03758 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 2.33万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual