Diffusion of NC Machine Tools and its Impact on Industrialization of Asian Countries

本研究的目的是研究作为当代技术创新典型的数控机床的扩散如何影响亚洲发展中国家的工业化。为了正确掌握机械在亚洲的扩散情况，除其他外，还需要每个国家的机械和设备的统计数据。然而，事实上，除了日本(第一章，报告)外，只有韩国(1990年)、中国(1968年和1986年)和印度(1968年和1986年)才有这样的统计数据。然而，为了找出机器是如何使用的，有必要对工厂进行实地研究。在过去的十年里，我参观了亚洲不同国家的许多工厂，几乎到了收尾阶段(第2-4章，报告)。然而，1997年夏季开始的突如其来的亚洲货币金融危机对亚洲数控机床的工业化和推广产生了重大影响(第五章，报告)尽管存在这些障碍，亚洲国家对数控机床的工业化、生产和进口的推动是非同寻常的。特别是中国、印度和泰国，尽管它们的发展政策不同，但它们都渴望引进数控机床(第5-3章，报告)。他们不再试验性地引进机器，而是将其作为在世界市场上生存所必需的生产资料。这无疑将导致亚洲发展中国家的生产方式发生变化。这也将极大地促进产能的提高，但依赖市场的社会关系问题仍将存在。这将是我今后的研究课题。

The purpose of this research is to study how the diffusion of NC machine tools as the typical example of contemporary technological innovation affects industrialization of developing countries in Asia. In order to grasp correctly the diffusion of the machinery in Asia the statistics on machinery and equipment of each country are needed among other things. However, in fact, such statistics are available only in China, Korea (1990) and India (1968 and 1986) in addition to Japan(Chapter 1, Report.)However, in order to find how the machinery is used field research on the factories is necessary. I have visited many factories in different countries in Asia during the past ten years and have almost reached a finishing stage (Chapters 2-4, Report.) Nevertheless, unexpected crisis of Asian currencies and finances which started in the summer of 1997 significantly affected the industrialization and the diffusion of NC machine tools in Asia (Chapter 5, Report)In spite of such hurdles, the drive for industrialization and production and import of NC machine tools of Asian countries is extraordinary. China, India and Thailand, in particular, are eager about the introduction of NC machine tools even though their development policy is different from each other (Chapter 5-3, Report.) They no longer introduce the machinery experimentally but as the means of production necessary for survival in the world market. This will undoubtedly lead to changes in the mode of production of developing countries in Asia. This will also contribute greatly to an increase in production capacity, but the problem of social relationships dependent on the market will remain. This will be my future research subject.