Comparative Study on Transition of Agricultural Marketing

(1)本研究的目的是比较各国农产品批发市场体系的发展。(2)作为调查对象，我们选择了15个国家：印度尼西亚、老挝、泰国、菲律宾和巴拉圭共和国，这些国家是发展中国家;中华人民民主共和国、俄罗斯联邦和保加利亚，这些国家是社会主义国家;英国、法国、德国、意大利、西班牙、澳大利亚和韩国，这些国家是发达国家。在每个国家，我们的研究项目至少有一名调查员访问了该国，并获得了以首都为重点的信息。(3)在调查的发展中国家，大型水果和蔬菜批发市场建在大城市，作为一个轴的采购和分配的水果和蔬菜的城市，除了老挝。老挝还没有建立批发市场。(4)中国、俄罗斯、保加利亚等国的果蔬营销体制是在20世纪80年代实行市场自由化政策的经济改革后发展起来的。以前由政府控制的销售系统被私人经销商所取代。许多城市都建立了批发市场，在水果和蔬菜的销售中发挥着主导作用。(5)在西欧和美国发达国家，超级市场发达，取代了水果和蔬菜的销售业务，使水果和蔬菜的百分比通过批发市场正在下降。

(1) The purpous of the research is to compare the development of agricultural wholesale marketing system among selected countries.(2) As the countries to investigate we selected 15 : Indonesia, Laos, Thailand, Philippines and Paraguay Republic, which are developing countries ; Peoples'Democratic Republic of China, Russian Federation and Bulgaria, which are socialist countries ; the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Australia and Korea, which are developed countries. In each country, at least one investigator of our research project visited the country and got information focusing the capital city.(3) In the developing countries investigated, big wholesale markets for fruit and vegetables were built in large cities, worked as an axis of procurement and distribution of fruit and vegetables in the city, except Laos. A wholesale markets are not built in Laos yet.(4) In China, Russia and Bulgaria, the marketing systems for fruit and vegetables have been developed since the economic reform of market liberalization policy in 1980s. The former controlled marketing system operated by the government were replaced by private dealers. The wholesale markets have been built in many cities, and are functioning a leading role in marketing for fruit and vegetables.(5) Developed countries in the Western Europe and the United States, super market developed and replaced the business of marketing for fruit and vegetables, so that the percentage of fruit and vegetables go through wholesale markets are declining.