Induction Mechanisms of Cholangiocarcinoma by Liver Fluke

调查了泰国东北部2个湖泊的钉螺和鱼的卵形吸虫(Ov)感染率。钉螺体内未检出卵囊尾蚴。而在这两个湖捕获的鲤鱼中都检测到卵囊尾蚴。这些囊虫被用来诱发仓鼠胆管细胞癌。在停止治疗23周后，化学致癌物(DMN)诱发30%的动物胆管细胞癌。卵子感染可使致癌率达100%。卵子粗提物免疫动物后，对肿瘤的发生、发展有不同程度的影响。OV单独感染可引起多种病理改变，如胆管扩张、胆管增生、肝硬变等，但不能引起癌症。免疫组织化学方法检测肿瘤胎儿型细胞外基质Tenascin。对19例泰国胆管细胞癌和23例日本胆管细胞癌的临床病理和生物学特征进行了比较。对组织学类型的回顾显示，低分化和粘液性腺癌在泰国病例中更为常见，而在泰国病例中，胆管周围纤维化和腺瘤性增生在肝脏的非癌区域更为常见。P53蛋白和c-erbB.2蛋白在两个系列中的表达没有显著差异，但平均MIB1 L.I.在泰国病例中的增殖活性显著高于泰国病例。在泰国东北部三个地区(Chonnabot、Chaiyphum和Kalasin)采集的卵子之间进行了比较，但它们之间没有差异。

Infection rate of Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov) in snail and fish were surveyed, at 2 lakes located in Northeast Thailand. No Ov cercariae were detected in snails. Whereas Ov metacercariae were detected in cyprinoid fish caught at both lakes.These metacercariae were given to hamster to induce cholangiocell carcinomas.Chemical carcinogen (DMN) induced cholangiocell carcinomas in 30% of the animals at 23 weeks after the termination of the treatment. An infection with Ov promoted the carcinogenesis to 100%. The preimmunization of the animals by crude extracts of Ov influenced the cancer development variously, regulating and progressing. Ov infection alone resulted in a variety of pathological changes such as dilatation of bile duct, bile ductule prolifertation, and liver cirrhosis but not cancer. Oncofetal type of extracellular matrix tenascin was examined by immunohistochemistry. The positive staining was found in connective tissues surrounding the dilatated ducts and the stroma of cancers, and strongly in the stroma flame of necrotic cancer nodules.Nineteen Thai cases of cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) and 23 Japanese cases of CCC were compared for clinicopathological and biological features. A review of histological type revealed poorly differentiated and mucinous adenocarcinoma to be somewhat more prevalent in the Thai cases, and peribiliary fibrosis and adenomatous hyperplasia were found to be much more frequent in the Thai cases in noncancerous area of the liver. No significant differences in expression of p53 protein or c-erbB.2 protein were found between the two series, but proliferative activity evaluated by mean MIB1 L.I.was significantly higher in the Thai cases.Nucleotide sequence of ITS2 in Ov ribosomal DNA was determined. They were compared among Ov taken from three districts (Chonnabot, Chaiyaphum and Kalasin) in northeast Thailand but there was no difference among them.