Transmission pathways of the food-borne carcinogen Opisthorchis viverrini

食源性致癌物 Opisthorchis viverrini 的传播途径

• 批准号: 8635905
• 负责人: ROBERT C SPEAR
• 金额: $ 20.33万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8635905
• 关键词: Adolescent; Area; Bayesian Method; Carcinogens; Cholangiocarcinoma; Clonorchis sinensis; Complex; Consumption; Data; Disease; Ecology; Ecosystem; Education; Exposure to; Fasciola hepatica; Feces; Fisheries; Fishes; Food; Food Patterns; Food Safety; Fostering; Fresh Water; Future; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Markers; Genotype; Geometry; Goals; Habitats; Harvest; Human; Incidence; Individual; Infection; Infection prevention; International; Intervention; Irrigation; Laboratories; Lead; Location; Low Income Population; Malignant Neoplasms; Maps; Measures; Methods; Microsatellite Repeats; Modification; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Movement; Opisthorchis viverrini; Parasites; Parasitology; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Population; Population Genetics; Prevalence; Prevention program; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Research; Risk; Rivers; Role; Sampling; Scientist; Seasons; Site; Snails; Somatotype; Source; Southeastern Asia; Structure; Students; Surveys; System; Techniques; Testing; Thailand; Training; Tropical Disease; Water; base; contaminant transport; density; disease transmission; environmental intervention; exposed human population; foodborne; genetic epidemiology; global health; interest; multidisciplinary; neglect; population genetic structure; programs; public health relevance; reproductive; transmission process

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is a food-borne parasite that infects approximately 10 million people, primarily in low-income populations in Southeast Asia. People become infected when they consume raw or undercooked freshwater fish harboring O. viverrini metacercariae and infection can cause cholangiocarcinoma. The proposed research will characterize transmission pathways of O. viverrini, focusing on the role of fish movement and food-distribution networks in distributing O. viverrini parasites to human populations. The research will take place in and around three connected lakes in Northeast Thailand, an area with the highest incidence of O. viverrini-induced cholangiocarcinoma in the world. Using neutral genetic markers, we will assess the population structure of the parasite in the study region in order to assess whether there exist spatially distinct foci of transmission (e.g. transmission is constrained at the scale of a lake), or if there is widespread gene flow throughout the region, suggesting parasites are readily transported between lakes and villages. We will characterize harvested fish distribution networks. Using a smartphone-based exposure assessment protocol targeting fishermen, we will quantify connections between source lakes and villages throughout the study region in order to evaluate whether these connections constitute a regional transmission network. In addition, we evaluate the potential role of fish movement in distributing parasites- O. viverrini infections in the first intermediate snail host are rare (typically, prevalence is <2%) but fish infections are common (exceeding 90% prevalence in some areas), which suggests that fish may collect parasites from a patchwork of infected snails, distributing infections across their range. We will examine the distribution of O. viverrini infections in fish, sampling fish from different sites within and between lakes in order to test the hypothesis that O. viverrini infections vary by lake, which, if detected, implies cyprinid host movements are constrained by lake geometry. We will ultimately evaluate the concordance of O. viverrini population genetic structure with the spatial patterns of food-distribution networks and fish infections, allowing us to infer key transmission pathways that act to constrain or facilitate the spread of O. viverrini. The proposed research will fill in crucial gaps in our understanding of this neglected tropical disease that can be used to guide infection prevention programs and food safety monitoring for O. viverrini and the related parasite, Clonorchis sinensis, which infects an estimated 35 million people. More generally, this disease system provides an opportunity to evaluate the role of food distribution systems and natural landscape boundaries in defining the spatial scale of infectious disease transmission.

项目总结/摘要 致癌肝吸虫猫尾后睾吸虫是一种食源性寄生虫，感染了大约1000万人 主要是东南亚的低收入人群。当人们食用 生的或未煮熟的淡水鱼，含有O。灵猫囊蚴和感染可导致 胆管癌这项研究将描述O. Viverrini，聚焦 鱼类运动和食物分配网络在分布O。人的灵猫寄生虫 人口。这项研究将在泰国东北部的三个相连的湖泊及其周围进行， O.世界上第一个由Viverrini引起的胆管癌。使用中性基因 标记物，我们将评估研究地区寄生虫的种群结构，以评估是否 存在空间上不同的传输焦点（例如，传输被限制在湖的尺度上），或者如果 整个地区存在广泛的基因流动，这表明寄生虫很容易在 湖泊和村庄。我们将描述收获的鱼的分销网络。使用基于智能手机 针对渔民的暴露评估协议，我们将量化源湖之间的联系， 整个研究区域的村庄，以评估这些连接是否构成一个区域 传输网络此外，我们评估的潜在作用，鱼类运动分布的寄生虫- O。 在第一中间蜗牛宿主中的灵猫感染是罕见的（通常，流行率<2%），但鱼类感染 是常见的（在某些地区超过90%的患病率），这表明鱼类可能会收集寄生虫从一个 被感染的蜗牛拼凑在一起，在它们的分布范围内传播感染。我们将研究O. 为了检测鱼类中的灵猫感染，从湖泊内和湖泊之间的不同地点取样， 假设O.灵猫感染因湖泊而异，如果检测到，这意味着鲤科动物的宿主移动是 受到湖泊几何形状的限制。我们将最终评估O.灵猫种群遗传 结构与食物分配网络和鱼类感染的空间模式，使我们能够推断出关键 抑制或促进O.维韦里尼。拟议的研究将 填补了我们对这种被忽视的热带疾病的理解中的关键空白， 预防计划和食品安全监测O。灵猫和相关的寄生虫，华支睾吸虫， 估计有3500万人感染更一般地说，这种疾病系统提供了一个机会， 评估食物分配系统和自然景观边界在确定空间尺度方面的作用， 传染病传播。