Survey Research on the Environment of Researchers in Japan--A Male-female Comparison

二战结束后的50多年里，日本大学的女本科生和女研究生分别达到了学生总数的30%和20%。相比之下，大学的女教员只占男女教员总数的10%，这表明女性在学术界仍然是少数。在此背景下，本研究旨在从性别角度分析研究人员的研究环境，并提出改善当前研究环境和培养下一代的措施，以落实1994年5月日本科学委员会第15届会议通过的“迫切需要改善女性研究人员环境”的提案。通过问卷调查，我们从日本科学委员会第16届（1994 - 1997）的24名女性联络员所隶属的28个学会中选择了28个学会。然后从这28个社团的目录中随机抽取5000个样本（3225名女性和1775名男性）进行男女比较。然后，通过邮寄方式发放问卷，收到了2042份回复（女性1353份，男性689份），占40.84%。同时，收集了学术团体的性别统计数据。随附的报告组织如下：第一章：本研究总结；第二章：受访者简介；第三章：研究现状；第四章：与研究活动相关的认知因素；第五章：科研人员的就业和工作条件；第六章：生命历程分析；第七章：性别歧视和性骚扰；第8章：对参加各学会学术活动的妇女研究人员的调查结果（各学会的性别统计）；及附录：问卷表。

More than 50 years have passed since the end of World War II,women undergraduate students and graduate students at Japan's universities have reached 30 percent and 20 percent of the total number of students, respectively. By contrast, the female faculty at universities account for only 10 percent of the male-female total, indicating that women remain a minority in academic circles. With this background, this study aims to analyze from gender perspective the research environment of researchers and propose measures to improve the current research environment and to foster the future generation, in order to implement a proposal addressing the urgent need to improve the environment of women researchers adopted during the 15th term of the Science Council of Japan in May, 1994.For a questionnaire survey, we selected 28 academic societies out of those which 24 women liaison members of the Science Council of Japan during its 16th term (1994 to 1997) are affiliated with. Then a total of 5,000 samples (3,225 females and 1,775 males) was randomly chosen from the directories of those 28 societies for a male-female comparison. Next, questionnaires were distributed by mail, out of which 2,042 responses (1,353 females and 689 males), which amounts to 40.84 percent, were obtained. Meanwhile, gendered statistics of academic societies were collected.The attached report is organized as follows : Chapter 1 : A summary of this research ; Chapter 2 : A profile of the respondents ; Chapter 3 : Current research activities ; Chapter 4 : Congnitive factors related to research activities ; Chapter 5 : Employment and working conditions of researchers ; Chapter 6 : Life-course analysis ; Chapter 7 : Gender discrimination and sexual harassment ; Chapter 8 : Results of a survey on women researchers participating in academic activities in each academic society (gendered statistics of academic societies) ; and Appendix : Questionnaire sheet.