A Follow-up Study of Mentally Disordered Offenders-Analisis from the aspects of Psychiatry and Law

为了帮助建立有效的精神障碍罪犯治疗制度，开展了以下三项研究。对542名精神分裂症罪犯的跟踪研究，这些罪犯于1980年在司法部登记为对其犯罪行为不负责任或减轻责任。1980年(140例)至1994年(130例)社会变迁对女性精神障碍罪犯影响的研究。1994.4年度精神病院23例严重犯罪精神障碍罪犯的调查研究对1994年在司法部登记的1131名精神障碍罪犯的资料进行了分析。在这四项研究中，以下发现似乎是重要的：(1)重复犯罪的精神分裂症罪犯可分为两组，即先犯罪和先患病。后者似乎是犯罪再犯的高危人群，需要更多的监护。(2)社会变化，特别是精神卫生政策的变化，对精神病患者的犯罪分布和法律程序产生了很大影响。与1980年组相比，1994年组年龄明显增大，接受了更多的门诊和社区精神卫生服务，再次犯罪率更高。(3)对于精神病院内的违法行为，病房工作人员更仔细的观察和足够的反应似乎有助于预防。根据这些发现，我们应该努力建立日本精神障碍罪犯的有效治疗体系。

For the purpose of contributing to establish useful treatment system for mentally disordered offenders, following three studies were carried out.1. A follow-up study on 542 Scizophrenic Offenders, who were registered in 1980 as irresponsibility or diminished responsibility for their criminal act at the Ministry of Justice.2. A study on the impact of social changes on female mentally disordered offenders from 1980 (140 cases) to 1994 (13o cases).3. A study on 23 mentally disordered offenders who committed serious crimes in mental hospitals in 1994.4. An analysis of data on 1131 mentally disordered offenders registered in 1994 at the Ministry of Justice.From these four studies, following findings seems to be important.(1) Schizophrenic offenders who repeat crimes may be divided into two groups, i. e. , crime-preceding type and illness-preceding type. Offenders of latter type seems to be at high risk for criminal recidivism and need more intensive care.(2) Social change, particularly in mental health policy, had affected great deal on the distribution of crimes by the mental patients and the legal process for them. Compared with the 1980 groups, the 1994 groups was significantly older, had received more outpatient and community mental health services, had higher criminal recidivism rates.(3) As to the offenses committed in the mental hospitals, more careful observation and adequate respond by the ward staffs seems to be useful to prevent them.Taking account of these findings, we should make effort to establish useful treatment system for mentally disordered offenders in Japan.