Treatment System for Mentally Disordered Offenders in Japan

为建立有效的精神障碍罪犯治疗体系，本研究进行了以下三个方面的研究。对1980年在司法部登记为对其犯罪行为不负责任或责任减轻的946名精神分裂症患者进行了后续研究。对1994年在司法部登记的1 125名医务主任的数据进行分析。英国与日本有关精神病罪犯的法律及治疗制度的比较研究。从这三项研究中，以下的发现似乎是重要的：大部分（约90%）的精神病罪犯被检察官释放而不被起诉，原因是他们对自己的犯罪行为不负责任或责任减轻。但这种没有安全措施的处理系统是有缺陷的，有时会导致以下严重问题。(1)在检察官的决定过程中，有时精神病评估不能做得很好，一些危险的病例可能直接出院到社区，而不住院。(2)即使在MDO住院后，有些病例因其本身的犯罪而提前出院，然后他们在社区中再次犯罪。我们没有有效的措施限制危险病人出院，亦没有为精神分裂症病人设立任何形式的感化制度。(3)由于我们没有特别的医院或特别病房为精神分裂症患者，我们必须在同一病房为一般精神病患者治疗。综合性精神病院的住院病人因暴力行为而受害的事件，应针对这些发现，努力建立有效的精神病患治疗系统。

For the purpose of contributing to establishi useful treatment system for mentally disordered offenders (MDOs), following three studies were carried out.1. A follow-up study on 946 MDOs, who were registered in 1980 as irresponsibility or diminished responsibility for their criminal act at the Ministry of Justice.2. An analysis of data on 1125 MDOs registered in 1994 at the Ministry of Justice.3. A comparative study of law and treatment system for mentally disordered offenders between UK and Japan.From these three studies, following findings seems to be important.The majority (about 90%) of mentally disordered offenders were discharged by the prosecutors without prosecution by the reason of irresponsibility or diminished responsibility for their criminal act. But such a treating system without security measures is defective, sometimes resulting in serious problems as follows.(1) In the process of the prosecutor's decision, sometimes psychiatric evaluation can not be done adquately, and some dangerous cases may be discharged directly to the community without hospitalization.(2) Even after the MDOs are hospitalized, some cases are discharged so early by reson of their dangerousness by itself, and then they commit another crimes in the community. We have no useful measures to limit the discharge of dangerous patients, nor any type of probation system for MDOs.(3) Because we have no special hospital nor special ward for MDOs, we must treat them in the same ward for general mental patients. Such an inadequate situation results in high incidents of inpatient's victimization of violent act in general mental hospitals.Taking account of these findings, we should make effort to establish useful treatment system for MDOs.