Studies on the development of novel biodegradable plastics from biomass such as wood and cellulose.

首先，开发了一种基于熔体加工过程中与二酸酐和一环氧化物反应的醋酸纤维素（CAs）增塑剂。这种反应熔融加工方法允许在实际工艺条件下制备可生物降解的纤维素塑料。在加工过程中，形成接枝低聚酯和同聚低聚酯。这些同质低聚酯经常在模塑中从内部迁移到表面。实验证明，在CA分子中引入低聚酯侧链，增强了改性CAs与同源低聚酯之间的亲和力，从而防止了迁移（出血）。在此基础上，提出了一种提高接枝量的方法。作为接枝强化的延伸，提出了一种基于环酯选择性接枝的CAs塑化方法。在熔体温度为140℃时，通过开环聚合可以制备出选择性接枝产物。C以八酸锡为催化剂，带剩余羟基的羧酸为引发剂。这种选择性接枝可使ca塑化，解决了出血问题。在适当的反应条件下，接枝速度很快。研究了该反应可获得高加工性和高物理性能的产物，并对生物质液化和三维可固化树脂进行了研究。在分子水平上对液化机理进行了阐述，包括实际酸催化液化。对液化产物的热固化性能进行了测试，并与液化条件进行了讨论，试图提高成型材料的物理性能。将这些官能团引入到米糠沥青中，制备了以改性米糠沥青为多元醇的聚氨酯型产品，从而获得了高质量的产品。在各种反应产物中证实了生物降解性的增强。少

At first, a plasticization method for cellulose acetates(CAs) that is based on the reaction with dibasic acid anhydrides and monoepoxide during melt processing was developed. This reactive melt-processing method allowed the preparation of biodegradable cellulose plastics using practical process conditions. During the processing, grafted oligoesters and the homo-oligoesters were formed. These homo-oligoesters were often migrated from inside to the surface within the moldings. It was proved that the introduction of oligoester side chains into the CA molecules resulted in an enhanced affinity between the modified CAs and homo-oligoesters, preventing the migration (bleeding). Based on these results, a method for enhancing the amount of grafting has been pursued. As the extension of the enhancement of the grafting, a plasticization method for CAs based on the selective grafting of cyclic esters has been developed The selective-garfted products could be prepared by ring-opening polymerizatio … More n in the melt state at 140 。C using tin octoate as catalyst, where CAs with remaining hydroxyl groups worked as initiator. Plasticization of CAs by this selective grafting can solve the problem of the bleeding. By using adequate reaction conditions, the grafting proceeded rapidly. The reaction products with high processibilites and physical properties could be obtained, liquefaction of biomass and three dimensionally curable resins there from have been studied. The mechanisms of the liquefaction could be elucidated in the molecular level including the practical acid catalyzed liquefaction. The thermal curabilities of the liquefied products were measured and discussed in relation to the conditions of the liquefaction and the physical properties of the molded materials were tried to be enhanced. Introductions of the functional groups into rice bran pitch were performed and the polyurethane type forms using the modified rice bran pitch as the polyol were prepared resulting in products with high qualities. Enhancement of the biodegradabilities was confirmed in the various reaction products. Less