Behavior of Environmental Micropollutants and Bioassay for Safety Assessment of Landfill Sites

废物的处理和处置是一个比以往任何时候都更严重的问题。特别是二恶英、多氯联苯、内分泌干扰物等环境微污染物问题已成为日本的社会问题。作者开发了一种将循环半好氧填埋与活化覆盖土相结合的新型填埋系统——REALACS。实验结果表明，活化覆盖土对重金属、有机污染物和DBP等环境微污染物具有有效的分解和吸附作用。由于垃圾体积与各种处理技术之间的关系，如中间处理、回收和最终处置，随着时间的推移而变化，理想的最终处置、垃圾填埋技术和垃圾填埋功能也在发生变化。通过为期3年的项目研究，我们认为垃圾填埋场的功能需要从传统的最终倾倒和净化场所扩展到…更多的是包括储存和保管潜在可重复使用的材料资源等功能。在此基础上，笔者提出了21世纪垃圾填埋场的“沉积填埋场”概念，其选址应达到以下目标：1)将废物分类和分开储存，以便更好地监测和将来再利用这些资源（分开堆填法）；2)具有净化和储存功能（例如，使用REALACS系统）；3)将不可回收的废物安全地处置在一个单独的设施中，例如封闭系统，在堆填作业期间可以平行使用顶盖。未来的垃圾填埋场还应该有一个远程监测措施系统，其中引入诱变试验等生物测定技术作为污染风险的预防措施。通过这种方式，作者想强调充分发挥垃圾填埋场功能的重要性，以满足未来的全球现实，如原材料和土地的稀缺。少

The treatment and disposal of waste is a more serious issues then ever year by year.Especially, the problems of environmental micropollutants such as Dioxins, PCBs and Endocrine disrupters has been become a social issues in Japan. The authors have developed a new landfill system, named REALACS, which combines the recirculatory semiaerobic landfill and the activated cover soil. The conducted experiments showed the effectiveness of the activated cover soil on decomposing and/or adsorbing the environmental micropollutants such as heavy metals, organic pollutants and DBP.As the relationships between waste volume and each treatment technique, such as intermediate treatment, recycling and final disposal, change over time, ideal final disposal, landfill technologies and landfill functions are also changing. Through this project study for 3 years, it suggests that the functions required for landfill sites need to be extended beyond the conventional role as a final dumping and purifying site to … More include functions such as storing and safekeeping of potentially reusable material resources. Based on the above mentioned, the authors propose the concept of "Depo-Land" ( Deposit Landfill) for landfills in the 21st century, where sites should have the following aims ;1)to classify and separately store wastes, allowing better monitoring and future reuse of the resources (separate landfilling method),2)to have purifying and deposit functions (for example, using the REALACS system),3)to safely dispose unrecoverable wastes in a separate facility such as a closed system, which could have a parallel use of the top cover during the landfill operations.The future landfill sited should also have a long-range monitoring measure system in which bioassay techniques such as mutagenic test are introduced as a prevention measure for pollution risks. In this way, the authors would like to emphasize the importance of adequating the function of landfill in order to meet future global realities such as the scarcity of raw materials and land. Less