Development of Artificial Diet for Adult Ptarmigans

1.研制了以栎叶粉、小米、小米、糙米和荞麦为主要成分的人工饲料，研究了人工饲料中营养物质在人工饲养条件下对日本田鼠幼体和成体的利用。对饲养在低地的圈养成年松鼠(Lagopus Lagopus Japan Onicus)盲肠菌群进行了观察。盲肠内容物中以肠杆菌科和拟杆菌科为主，双歧杆菌较少，乳杆菌较少。在人工饲料中分别添加茶多酚和低聚果糖，观察茶多酚和低聚果糖对圈养雏鸟盲肠微生物区系的影响。肠杆菌科和拟杆菌科减少，盲肠中的苯酚减少。反之，双歧杆菌数量和盲肠乙酸含量显着增加。这些结果表明，茶多酚和低聚果糖对低地圈养松鸡的腹泻有很好的预防作用，因此研制的含有这两种添加剂的人工饲料对低地圈养松鸡是最理想的。

1. An artificial diet, which includes oak leaf meal, foxtail millet seed, barngrass millet seed, brown rice and buck wheat as major constituents, was developed and utilization of nutrients in the diet was investigated in young and adult ptarmigans (Lagopus mutus japonicus) under captive conditions.2. Cecal flora was examined in captive adult ptarmigans (Lagopus lagopus Japonicus) kept in low land area and fed an artificial diet. Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroiidaeae, adverse bacteria, were found to be dominant in cecal contents, while there were few Bifidobacteria and no Lactobacilli.3. In order to test whether tea polyphenol and fructoligosaccharide were improve the cecal microflora in the captive bird, each of them was added to the artificial diet and microflora in the cecal feces was examined. Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroidaceae were decreased in number and phenol was reduced in cecal feces. On the contrary Bifidobacteria count and cecal acetic acid content were increased significantly.4. These results indicate that tea-extracted polyphenol and fructoligosaccharide are highly effective in preventing diarrhea in captive ptarmigans kept in low land area and consequently the developed artificial diet including these additives are optimal to captive ptarmigans in low-land area.