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Study on Blood Parasite Infection in the Japanese Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus japonicus) and Conservation Medicine for the Species

日本岩雷鸟血液寄生虫感染及其保护医学研究

基本信息

批准号：
16510179
负责人：
MURATA Koichi
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
Nihon University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We investigated Leucocytozoon infection in the Japanese rock ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus japonicus) ; this bird is one of the special natural monuments of Japan that inhabits the Japanese alpine regions. We examined blood samples from birds captured in the Kubiki, Hida, and Akaishi mountain ranges. Seventy-three blood samples from 42 males, 19 females, and 12 birds of unknown sex were used for this study. The rate of infection with Leucocytozoon was 78.1% in the 73 birds examined. This species was identified as L.lovati morphologically. We demonstrated that the L.lovati infection was distributed across wide ranges of ptarmigan populations from the northern to the southern alpine zones. There was no sex bias in the prevalence ratio. The prevalence of L.lovati and the level of parasitization of the blood cells tended to increase from spring through summer ; in contrast, a decrease was observed from summer through autumn. Although L.lovati infection was observed in a number of local populati … More ons inhabiting three mountainous regions, no infected birds were found in Mt.Johnen-dake and Mt.Maejohnen-dake. It is necessary to continue surveying the relationship between the population dynamics of the ptarmigan and the density of the arthropod vector from the perspective of in situ conservation of this endangered species. Furthermore, we conducted the molecular biological study on L.lovati from the rock ptarmigan with the hematozoa from eight species of Japanese birds for comparison. We used PCR and sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cyt b) to compare the genetic background among these detected protozoa species. In 20 individuals of 22 samples, a single amplified band was detected from 6 of 8 bird species; 9 Japanese rock ptarmigans, 4 large-billed crows (Corvus macrorhynchos), 2 carrion crows (C.corone), 2 scops owls (Otus scops), 1 Japanese grosbeak (Eophona personate), and 2 brown-eared bulbuls (Hypsipetes amaurotis), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial cyt b sequences revealed that all Leucocytozoon isolates in Japan closely grouped with other Leucocytozoon species previously reported in the literature. Among the Japanese isolates, the phylogenetic tree suggested that L.lovati from the Japanese rock ptarmigan may be basal to the parasites found in other bird species. Our study is the first to identify the molecular relationships among Leucocytozoon parasites in the avifauna of Japan. The vector of L.lovzti was also examined. More than 6 species of black-fly (Simuliidae) were observed around the habitats of the ptarmigan. The partial cyt b gene of Leucocytozoon detected from 7 of 150 black-flies captured in the Japanese alpine zone was completely same with L.lovati from the ptarmigans. This suggests the black-fly is one of the vectors of L.loved in the Japanese rock ptarmigan. Less

我们调查了日本岩雷鸟（Lagopus mutus）的Leucocytozoon感染，这种鸟是日本的一个特殊的自然古迹，居住在日本的高山地区。我们检测了在久比木、希达和赤石山脉捕获的鸟类的血液样本。本研究使用了来自42只雄性、19只雌性和12只性别未知的禽类的73份血样。73只鸡的感染率为78.1%。该物种在形态学上被鉴定为L.lovati。我们证明，洛氏乳杆菌感染分布在广泛的雷鸟种群从北方到南部的高山地带。患病率没有性别偏见。从春季到夏季，洛氏疟原虫的流行率和血细胞的寄生水平呈上升趋势;相反，从夏季到秋季，观察到的下降。尽管在一些当地人群中观察到洛瓦蒂乳杆菌感染， ...更多信息在上念岳、前上念岳等3个山区未发现感染鸟类。因此，有必要继续调查雷鸟的种群动态和节肢动物媒介的密度之间的关系，从就地保护这一濒危物种的角度。此外，我们还对岩雷鸟中的洛氏我们利用PCR和线粒体细胞色素B基因（cyt B）的序列分析来比较这些原生动物物种之间的遗传背景。在22个样本的20个个体中，从8种鸟类中的6种中检测到单一扩增条带，分别为9只日本岩鸡、4只大嘴乌鸦、2只食腐乌鸦、2只角鸮、1只日本蜡嘴乌鸦和2只棕耳牛肝菌。基于部分cyt B序列的系统发育分析显示，日本的所有Leucocytozoon分离株与文献中报道的其他Leucocytozoon种紧密分组。在日本分离株中，系统发育树表明，来自日本岩雷鸟的洛瓦蒂可能是其他鸟类中发现的寄生虫的基础。我们的研究是第一个确定日本鸟类区系中白细胞虫寄生虫之间的分子关系。还检查了L.lovzti的媒介。在雷鸟栖息地周围观察到6种以上的蚋类。在日本高山带捕获的150只黑蝇中，有7只的cyt B基因部分序列与松鸡中的洛氏住白细胞体完全一致。这表明黑蝇是日本岩雷鸟所喜爱的L.的媒介之一。少