A Study of Medieval Rooftiles

1)我研究了按时间顺序排列的中世纪屋顶瓦片，并将其分为八个阶段，它们是第一阶段（从1180年到1210年），第二阶段（从1210年到1260年），第三阶段（从1260年到1300年），第四阶段（从1300年到1333年），第五阶段（从1333年到1380年），第六阶段（从1380年到1430年），第七阶段（从1430年到1500年）和第八阶段（从1500年到1575年）。中世纪瓦的生产工艺在个别阶段比古代瓦的生产工艺更加明确。2)我研究了中世纪的屋顶瓦，它们是用同样的木模制作的。用同样的模具制作的中世纪屋顶瓦片分为两类。第一种是拆除屋顶瓦片。例如，东大寺的屋顶瓦片是在第一阶段从比仙运来的。东寺的屋顶瓦片在第一阶段从Harima运来。镰仓许多寺庙的屋顶瓦片在第一阶段和第二阶段是从小笠、伊豆、京都、武藏和泉（现在的酒井）运来的。第二类是由外派的瓷砖工人生产的。大和的瓦工在尾道的佐道寺、Harima的隐教寺、Kii的内格罗寺和Kawachi的理参寺生产了许多屋顶瓦。3)中世纪日本有三种屋顶瓦生产系统，第一种系统是大和式。第二种是京都式。最后一个系统是大阪式。这三种类型系统对日本中世纪的屋面瓦制作产生了很大的影响。

1)I studied chronological medieval rooftiles and divided eight stages, They are first stage (from 1180 to 1210), second stage (from 1210 to 1260), third stage (from 1260 to 1300), fourth stage (from 1300 to 1333), fifth stage (from 1333 to 1380), sixth stage (from 1380 to 1430), seventh stage (from 1430 to 1500) and eighth stage (from 1500 to 1575). Medieval rooftile production techniques is more definite than ancient rooftile production techniques in individual stage.2)I studied medieval rooftiles which are made by the same wooden mold. Medieval rooftiles made by the same mold fall into two types. The first type is removal of the rooftiles. For example, rooftiles in Todai Temple were carried from Bizen in first stage. Rooftiles in Toji Temple were carried from Harima in first stage. Rooftiles in many Kamakura's Temples were carried from Owari, Izu, Kyoto, Musashi and Izumi (modern Sakai) in first and second stages. The second type is produced by tile workers who have been transfered. Yamato's tile workers produced many rooftiles in Onomichi's Jodoji Temple, Harima's Enkyoji Temple, Kii's Negoroji Temple and Kawachi's Rijusenji Temple.3)There are three rooftile production systems in medieval Japan, The first system is Yamato type. The second system is Kyoto type. The last system is Osaka type. These three type systems have great influence on Japanese medieval rooftile productions.