"REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN'S SUBJECTIVITY" IN EARLY MODERN ENGLISH LITERATURE

关于近代早期英国文学中女性主体性表现的本质，研究者得出结论，男性作家和女性作家在表现女性主体性的方式上存在着实质性的差异。在伊丽莎白·凯里的《犹太美丽女王玛利亚姆的悲剧》中，由于作者是女性，女性的表现有几个鲜明的特点。伊丽莎白·卡里充分意识到当代妻子由于社会和经济上的残疾而受到压抑的地位。她将希律时代的妻子们的精神痛苦和挣扎融入到她们的性格中，并研究了玛丽亚姆试图在与丈夫的关系中获得自主主体地位的方式。在《驯悍记》中的卡塔琳娜、《威尼斯商人》中的波西亚、《安东尼与克利奥帕特拉》中的克利奥帕特拉中，莎士比亚也意识到了女性对自主主体地位的渴望，但他在《安东尼与克利奥帕特拉》中表现了她们的优点。但卡里饰演的玛丽安反对这样的意识形态，因为玛丽安认为，作为一个人，作为一个妻子，她的尊严观念被“谦卑”的意识形态要求所侵蚀，这是无法容忍的。近代早期英国的宗派主义社会期待女性的谦逊和贞洁的美德，认为这两种美德是不可分割的。但是像Elizabeth Cary这样的女性作家对“谦卑”的美德有不同的看法。由此可见，女性作家在其文学作品中表现女性角色时运用的是“女性想象”，这与莎士比亚、米德尔顿、韦伯斯特和本·琼森的“男性想象”可能有很大的不同。通过分析玛丽·西德尼、玛丽·沃斯、雷切尔·斯佩特和艾米莉亚·兰耶的作品，我们应该更全面地研究“女性想象力”的本质。但目前看来，这些女作家在我所说的“女性想象力”方面似乎有一些共同点。少

As to the nature of representation of women'S subjectivity in Early Modern English literature, the investigator has come to an conclusion that there is a substantial difference of ways of representing women's subjectivity between male authors and female authors. In The Tragedy of Mariam, the Fair Queen of Jewry by Elizabeth Cary, the representation of womwn has several distinctive features because its author is a woman. Elizabeth Cary is fully aware of the repressed status of contemporary wives resulting from their socially and exonomically handicapped situation. She incorporates their mental sufferings and struggle in the characters of wives in Herod's age, and investigates the ways Mariam tries to attain autonomus subject position in relation to her husband. Shakespeare is also aware of the women's desire for autonomous subject position in Katharina in The Taming of the Shrew, Portia in The Merchant of Venice, and Cleopatra in Antony and Cleopatra, but he represents their merits in t … More erms of his contemporary patriarchal ideologies of good women and wife. But Cary's mariam opposes such ideologies, because Mariam'S idea of dignity as a human being as well as a wife is perceived to be intolerably eroded by the ideological demand of "humility". The partiarchal society of the early modern England expects the virtues of humility and chastity on the part of women, and regards the two virtues as inseparable. But a female author like Elizabeth Cary takes a different view about the virtue of "humility". This testifies that female authors exert "female imagination", which might be quite different from "male imagination" of Shakespeare, Middleton, Webster and Ben Jonson, in representing female characters in their literary works. The nature of "female imagination" should be more fully investigated by analysing the works of Mary Sidney, Mary Wroth, Rachel Speght, and Aemilia Lanyer. But at present, there seems to be something in common among these women writers as to what I call "female imagination." Less