Quantification of crystal units in foraminiferal wall and the phylogenetic evaluation

在有孔虫中已知三种类型的壁结构，即微粒状、颗粒状和放射状。这些纹理是通过显示阿米巴形状的晶体单位及其在墙壁上的结构的极化特征来区分的。晶体单元的大小对它们的区分也很重要。基于这些极化特征，提出了应用有孔虫分类系统标准的一些想法。然而，接受这一观点后，外表相似的形式分布在不同的系统发育中。墙体纹理在系统中的应用一直存在问题，显然，墙体的光学特征是由墙体厚度控制的。对于厚壁形状，晶体单元显得较小，而对于薄壁形状，晶体单元则显得较大。如果墙壁的光学纹理完全由它们的壁厚控制，我们就必须理清这种光学关系。因此，我的目标是明确这些特征在不同的生长以及不同种类的微粒状和颗粒状质地(如锯齿状颗粒状和马赛克颗粒状)。为了定量分析晶体单元，介绍了利用计算机进行自动处理的方法。据了解，壁面纹理的光学特征是由壁厚准确决定的。此外，这些特征也随着它们的成长而改变。据我所知，有孔虫的壁厚基本上是由它们的微生境控制的，包括生活方式。利用墙体质地与墙体厚度的关系，可以对其生态进行评价。然而，对于有孔虫物种来说，壁面的基本结构是稳定的特征。

Three types of wall texture, microgranular, granular, and radial, have been known in the foraminifera. These textures are discriminated by the polarized features that showing the amoeba-shaped crystal units and their structure in the walls. The size of the crystal units is also significant for their discrimination. Based on these polarized features, some ideas applying the systematic criteria for foraminiferal taxonomy have been developed. Accepting this idea, however, externally similar forms distribute in different phylogenies. There have been problems for the application of the wall texture in the systematics.Apparently the optical features of walls are controlled by the wall thickness. Crystal units appear small for the thick-walled forms, whereas they appear large for the thin-walled ones. If the optical textures of walls are exactly controlled by their wall thickness, we have to clear this optical relationships. Thus I aimed to clear these features in different growth as well as different species with the microgranular and granular textures (as the types of jagged-granular and mosaic-granular). In order to analyze quantitatively the crystal units, automatic processing methods are introduced by using computer.I have understood that the optical features of wall textures are exactly determined by the wall thickness. Also there features are changed through their growth. I understand that wall thickness of foraminifera is basically controlled by their microhabitats including the life style. By using this relationship wall texture and wall thickness, we can evaluate their ecology. However, basic texture of walls is stable character for foraminiferal species.